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Brain Na+, K+-ATPase Activity In Aging and Disease

机译：衰老和疾病中的脑Na +，K + -ATPase活性

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Na+/K+ pump or sodium- and potassium-activated adenosine 5’-triphosphatase (Na+, K+-ATPase), its enzymatic version, is a crucial protein responsible for the electrochemical gradient across the cell membranes. It is an ion transporter, which in addition to exchange cations, is the ligand for cardenolides. This enzyme regulates the entry of K+ with the exit of Na+ from cells, being the responsible for Na+/K+ equilibrium maintenance through neuronal membranes. This transport system couples the hydrolysis of one molecule of ATP to exchange three sodium ions for two potassium ions, thus maintaining the normal gradient of these cations in animal cells. Oxidative metabolism is very active in brain, where large amounts of chemical energy as ATP molecules are consumed, mostly required for the maintenance of the ionic gradients that underlie resting and action potentials which are involved in nerve impulse propagation, neurotransmitter release and cation homeostasis. Protein phosphorylation is a key process in biological regulation. At nervous system level, protein phosphorylation is the major molecular mechanism through which the function of neural proteins is modulted in response to extracellular signals, including the response to neurotransmitter stimuli. It is the major mechanism of neural plasticity, including memory processing. The phosphorylation of Na+, K+-ATPase catalytic subunit inhibits enzyme activity whereas the inhibition of protein kinase C restores the enzyme activity. The dephosphorylation of neuronal Na+, K+-ATPase is mediated by calcineurin, a serine / threonine phosphatase. The latter enzyme is involved in a wide range of cellular responses to Ca2+ mobilizing signals, in the regulation of neuronal excitability by controlling the activity of ion channels, in the release of neurotransmitters and hormones, as well as in synaptic plasticity and gene transcription. In the present article evidence showing Na+, K+-ATPase involvement in signaling pathways, enzyme changes in diverse neurological diseases as well as during aging, have been summarized. Issues refer mainly to Na+, K+-ATPase studies in ischemia, brain injury, depression and mood disorders, mania, stress, Alzheimer´s disease, learning and memory, and neuronal hyperexcitability and epilepsy.
机译：Na + / K +泵或钠和钾激活的腺苷5′-三磷酸酶（Na +，K + -ATPase）是其酶促形式，是负责跨细胞膜电化学梯度的重要蛋白质。它是一种离子转运蛋白，除了交换阳离子外，它还是烯醇内酯的配体。该酶通过细胞中Na +的排出来调节K +的进入，是通过神经元膜维持Na + / K +平衡的原因。该运输系统将一分子ATP的水解耦合在一起，以将三个钠离子交换为两个钾离子，从而在动物细胞中维持这些阳离子的正常梯度。氧化代谢在大脑中非常活跃，大脑会消耗大量的化学能作为ATP分子，这主要是维持离子梯度所必需的，而离子梯度是神经冲动传播，神经递质释放和阳离子稳态所涉及的静止和动作电位的基础。蛋白质磷酸化是生物调节中的关键过程。在神经系统水平，蛋白质磷酸化是主要的分子机制，通过该机制可以调节神经蛋白质的功能以响应细胞外信号，包括对神经递质刺激的反应。它是神经可塑性的主要机制，包括记忆处理。 Na +，K + -ATPase催化亚基的磷酸化抑制酶的活性，而抑制蛋白激酶C恢复酶的活性。神经元Na +，K + -ATPase的去磷酸化是由钙调神经磷酸酶（一种丝氨酸/苏氨酸磷酸酶）介导的。后一种酶参与广泛的细胞对Ca2 +动员信号的反应，通过控制离子通道的活性来调节神经元兴奋性，神经递质和激素的释放以及突触可塑性和基因转录。在本文中，总结了显示Na +，K + -ATPase参与信号传导途径，各种神经系统疾病以及衰老过程中酶变化的证据。问题主要涉及在缺血，脑损伤，抑郁和情绪障碍，躁狂症，压力，阿尔茨海默氏病，学习和记忆以及神经元过度兴奋和癫痫症中的Na +，K + -ATPase研究。

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