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首页> 外文期刊>International Journal of Environment and Bioenergy >Spatio-Temporal Changes in Water Quality of Jhelum River, Kashmir Himalaya
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Spatio-Temporal Changes in Water Quality of Jhelum River, Kashmir Himalaya

机译：克什米尔喜马拉雅山耶鲁姆河水质的时空变化

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With 24 tributaries, River Jhelum is the main water resource of the Kashmir valley with immense socio-economic significance. The Jhelum is greatly utilised for its water and food such as fish. Since Jhelum passes through many rural and urban settlements, the river gets polluted with sewage from settlements, agricultural runoff and effluent discharges from various small and large scale industrial units. A detailed limnological study of the River Jhelum was conducted. Six sampling sites were selected in three discrete regions of river Jhelum. A total of sixteen Physico-chemical parameters were analysed on seasonal basis as per the standard methodology. The physico-chemical characteristics of river water varied in a close relationship with its catchment pattern. Among the cations Ca and Mg were found dominant as compared to K and Na, the overall cationic order being Ca>Mg>Na>K. Among the anions Cldominated the carbonates and bicarbonates. Overall the physico-chemical parameters of water showed a significant trend with sites and seasons. Most of the parameters showed peak values at Qamarwari site of the river Jhelum, as this site receives domestic and commercial sewage from Srinagar city. Among four seasons, summer season showed elevated levels for all quality parameters, as this is the main season for agricultural and commercial activities leading to decline in the water quality of river Jhelum. Drastic changes in water quality of the Jhelum are mainly due to indiscriminate use of chemical fertilizers, pesticides, and unplanned urbanization and commercialisation in its catchment area. The present investigation highlighted the deterioration in water quality from upstream to downstream of river Jhelum was mainly due to discharge of commercial and agricultural sources. The anthropogenic pressure on the river is likely to increase if not addressed immediately which may completely alter its water quality in near future.
机译：杰勒姆河有24个支流，是克什米尔山谷的主要水资源，具有巨大的社会经济意义。杰勒姆（Jhelum）被大量用于水和食物，例如鱼类。由于杰勒姆（Jhelum）穿过许多农村和城市住区，河流被定居点的污水，农业径流和各种规模的工业单位的废水排放污染。进行了对杰勒姆河的详细的岩相学研究。在Jhelum河的三个离散区域中选择了六个采样点。按照标准方法，按季节分析了总共十六种理化参数。河流水的理化特性与其流域格局密切相关。在阳离子中，与K和Na相比，发现Ca和Mg占主导地位，总体阳离子顺序为Ca> Mg> Na> K。在阴离子中，Cl占碳酸根和碳酸氢根。总体而言，水的理化参数显示出随地点和季节变化的显着趋势。大多数参数显示了耶赫勒姆河Qamarwari站点的峰值，因为该站点接收了来自斯利那加市的生活和商业污水。在四个季节中，夏季表现出所有质量参数的升高水平，因为这是导致Jhelum河水质下降的农业和商业活动的主要季节。杰勒姆（Jhelum）水质的急剧变化主要是由于在其集水区乱用化学肥料，杀虫剂以及计划外的城市化和商业化。本次调查强调，杰赫勒姆河上游至下游的水质恶化主要是由于商业和农业资源的排放。如果不立即解决，河流上的人为压力可能会增加，这可能会在不久的将来完全改变其水质。

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