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首页> 外文期刊>International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health >Do Income, Race and Ethnicity, and Sprawl Influence the Greenspace-Human Health Link in City-Level Analyses? Findings from 496 Cities in the United States
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Do Income, Race and Ethnicity, and Sprawl Influence the Greenspace-Human Health Link in City-Level Analyses? Findings from 496 Cities in the United States

机译：收入，种族和种族以及蔓延是否会影响城市级分析中的绿色空间与人类健康联系？美国496个城市的发现

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Examination of the greenspace—human health relationship operates in at least four dimensions: what is considered greenspace? which moderators and mediators are included? what outcomes are measured? and which units of analysis (e.g., individuals, cities) are studied? We examined three of these four dimensions in a cross-sectional study of 496 of the 500 most populated US cities (total population size = 97,574,613, average population per city = 197,920). Spatial average models tested the effect of two greenspace measures (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index greenness and tree cover) on two outcomes (obesity and mental health), while adjusting for income, race and ethnicity, sprawl, age, sex, physical inactivity, median age of housing, and total population. We conducted analyses at the city scale, which is an understudied unit of analysis, and compared findings to individual- and neighborhood-level studies. In two of four models, greenspace was associated with better health. We found race and ethnicity moderated this relationship with varying results. In full sample analyses, cities with greater percentages of non-Hispanic Whites showed links between higher tree cover and lower obesity but marginal relationships between higher greenness and lower obesity. In subsample analyses with majority-non-Hispanic Black cities, higher tree cover was associated with lower obesity and better mental health. These findings advance previous research by showing that race and ethnicity moderate the greenspace—health link at the city level.
机译：审查绿色空间与人类健康的关系至少在四个方面进行：什么是绿色空间？包括哪些主持人和调解人？衡量什么结果？研究了哪些分析单位（例如，个人，城市）？我们在美国500个人口最多的城市中的496个横断面研究中检查了这四个维度中的三个（总人口规模= 97,574,613，每个城市的平均人口= 197,920）。空间平均模型测试了两个绿地量度（归一化植被指数绿色度和树木覆盖率）对两个结果（肥胖和心理健康）的影响，同时调整了收入，种族和种族，蔓延，年龄，性别，不活跃身体，中位年龄住房和总人口。我们在城市范围内进行了分析，这是一个未被充分研究的分析单元，并将研究结果与个人和社区水平的研究进行了比较。在四个模型中的两个中，绿色空间与更好的健康状况相关。我们发现种族和种族缓和了这种关系，并产生了不同的结果。在完整的样本分析中，非西班牙裔白人比例较高的城市显示出较高的树木覆盖率与较低的肥胖之间存在联系，但较高的绿色与较低的肥胖之间存在边际关系。在非西班牙裔黑人占多数的黑人城市进行的子样本分析中，树木覆盖率越高，肥胖率越低，心理健康状况越好。这些发现通过显示种族和种族缓和了城市一级的绿色空间与健康之间的联系，从而推动了先前的研究。

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