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首页> 外文期刊>International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health >Addressing Emerging Risks: Scientific and Regulatory Challenges Associated with Environmentally Persistent Free Radicals
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Addressing Emerging Risks: Scientific and Regulatory Challenges Associated with Environmentally Persistent Free Radicals

机译：解决新兴风险：与环境持久性自由基相关的科学和法规挑战

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Airborne fine and ultrafine particulate matter (PM) are often generated through widely-used thermal processes such as the combustion of fuels or the thermal decomposition of waste. Residents near Superfund sites are exposed to PM through the inhalation of windblown dust, ingestion of soil and sediments, and inhalation of emissions from the on-site thermal treatment of contaminated soils. Epidemiological evidence supports a link between exposure to airborne PM and an increased risk of cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases. It is well-known that during combustion processes, incomplete combustion can lead to the production of organic pollutants that can adsorb to the surface of PM. Recent studies have demonstrated that their interaction with metal centers can lead to the generation of a surface stabilized metal-radical complex capable of redox cycling to produce ROS. Moreover, these free radicals can persist in the environment, hence their designation as Environmentally Persistent Free Radicals (EPFR). EPFR has been demonstrated in both ambient air PM2.5 (diameter < 2.5 μm) and in PM from a variety of combustion sources. Thus, low-temperature, thermal treatment of soils can potentially increase the concentration of EPFR in areas in and around Superfund sites. In this review, we will outline the evidence to date supporting EPFR formation and its environmental significance. Furthermore, we will address the lack of methodologies for specifically addressing its risk assessment and challenges associated with regulating this new, emerging contaminant.
机译：空气传播的细颗粒和超细颗粒物（PM）通常是通过广泛使用的热过程产生的，例如燃料燃烧或废物的热分解。超级基金站点附近的居民通过吸入风吹尘埃，摄入土壤和沉积物以及吸入受污染土壤的现场热处理所产生的排放物而接触到PM。流行病学证据支持空气中PM暴露与心血管疾病和肺部疾病风险增加之间的联系。众所周知，在燃烧过程中，不完全燃烧会导致产生有机污染物，这些污染物会吸附到PM表面。最近的研究表明，它们与金属中心的相互作用可导致生成能够氧化还原循环以产生ROS的表面稳定的金属-自由基配合物。而且，这些自由基可以在环境中持续存在，因此被指定为环境持久性自由基（EPFR）。 EPFR已在环境空气PM2.5（直径<2.5μm）和各种燃烧源的PM中得到证明。因此，对土壤进行低温热处理可能会增加Superfund网站及其周围地区的EPFR浓度。在这篇综述中，我们将概述迄今为止支持EPFR形成及其环境意义的证据。此外，我们将解决缺乏专门解决其风险评估的方法以及与管理这种新出现的污染物相关的挑战的方法。

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