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首页> 外文期刊>International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health >Air Pollution Exposure in Relation to the Commute to School: A Bradford UK Case Study
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Air Pollution Exposure in Relation to the Commute to School: A Bradford UK Case Study

机译：与上下学有关的空气污染暴露：英国布拉德福德案例研究

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Walking School Buses (WSBs) provide a safe alternative to being driven to school. Children benefit from the contribution the exercise provides towards their daily exercise target, it gives children practical experience with respect to road safety and it helps to relieve traffic congestion around the entrance to their school. Walking routes are designed largely based in road safety considerations, catchment need and the availability of parent support. However, little attention is given to the air pollution exposure experienced by children during their journey to school, despite the commuting microenvironment being an important contributor to a child’s daily air pollution exposure. This study aims to quantify the air pollution exposure experienced by children walking to school and those being driven by car. A school was chosen in Bradford, UK. Three adult participants carried out the journey to and from school, each carrying a P-Trak ultrafine particle (UFP) count monitor. One participant travelled the journey to school by car while the other two walked, each on opposite sides of the road for the majority of the journey. Data collection was carried out over a period of two weeks, for a total of five journeys to school in the morning and five on the way home at the end of the school day. Results of the study suggest that car commuters experience lower levels of air pollution dose due to lower exposure and reduced commute times. The largest reductions in exposure for pedestrians can be achieved by avoiding close proximity to traffic queuing up at intersections, and, where possible, walking on the side of the road opposite the traffic, especially during the morning commuting period. Major intersections should also be avoided as they were associated with peak exposures. Steps to ensure that the phasing of lights is optimised to minimise pedestrian waiting time would also help reduce exposure. If possible, busy roads should be avoided altogether. By the careful design of WSB routes, taking into account air pollution, children will be able to experience the benefits that walking to school brings while minimizing their air pollution exposure during their commute to and from school.
机译：步行校车（WSB）提供了替代开车上学的安全选择。儿童将从这项运动对他们的日常运动目标的贡献中受益，它为儿童提供了有关道路安全的实践经验，并有助于减轻学校入口附近的交通拥堵。步行路线的设计主要基于道路安全考虑，集水需求和父母支持的可用性。但是，尽管通勤的微环境是导致儿童每日空气污染暴露的重要因素，但是对于孩子在上学途中经历的空气污染暴露却很少关注。这项研究旨在量化步行上学的儿童和驾车儿童的空气污染暴露。在英国布拉德福德选择了一所学校。三名成年人参加了往返学校的旅程，每人都携带了P-Trak超细颗粒（UFP）计数监控器。一位参与者开车乘汽车上学，而另两位参与者则行走，大部分时间都在路的对面。数据收集历时两周，总共有五次早晨上学旅行，五次在上学日结束时回家。研究结果表明，通勤者由于暴露量减少和通勤时间减少而受到的空气污染剂量降低。通过避免靠近交叉路口排队的交通，并在可能的情况下，在与交通相对的道路一侧行走，尤其是在早上通勤期间，可以最大程度地减少行人的交通风险。也应避免主要的交叉路口，因为它们与高峰暴露有关。确保优化灯光相位以最小化行人等待时间的步骤也将有助于减少曝光。如有可能，应完全避免繁忙的道路。通过精心设计的WSB路线，并考虑到空气污染，孩子们将能够体验步行上学所带来的好处，同时最大程度地减少上下学途中的空气污染暴露。

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