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首页> 外文期刊>International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health >Non-Chemical Stressors and Cumulative Risk Assessment: An Overview of Current Initiatives and Potential Air Pollutant Interactions
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Non-Chemical Stressors and Cumulative Risk Assessment: An Overview of Current Initiatives and Potential Air Pollutant Interactions

机译：非化学应激源和累积风险评估：当前计划和潜在的空气污染物相互作用概述

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Regulatory agencies are under increased pressure to consider broader public health concerns that extend to multiple pollutant exposures, multiple exposure pathways, and vulnerable populations. Specifically, cumulative risk assessment initiatives have stressed the importance of considering both chemical and non-chemical stressors, such as socioeconomic status (SES) and related psychosocial stress, in evaluating health risks. The integration of non-chemical stressors into a cumulative risk assessment framework has been largely driven by evidence of health disparities across different segments of society that may also bear a disproportionate risk from chemical exposures. This review will discuss current efforts to advance the field of cumulative risk assessment, highlighting some of the major challenges, discussed within the construct of the traditional risk assessment paradigm. Additionally, we present a summary of studies of potential interactions between social stressors and air pollutants on health as an example of current research that supports the incorporation of non-chemical stressors into risk assessment. The results from these studies, while suggestive of possible interactions, are mixed and hindered by inconsistent application of social stress indicators. Overall, while there have been significant advances, further developments across all of the risk assessment stages (i.e., hazard identification, exposure assessment, dose-response, and risk characterization) are necessary to provide a scientific basis for regulatory actions and effective community interventions, particularly when considering non-chemical stressors. A better understanding of the biological underpinnings of social stress on disease and implications for chemical-based dose-response relationships is needed. Furthermore, when considering non-chemical stressors, an appropriate metric, or series of metrics, for risk characterization is also needed. Cumulative risk assessment research will benefit from coordination of information from several different scientific disciplines, including, for example, toxicology, epidemiology, nutrition, neurotoxicology, and the social sciences.
机译：监管机构承受着越来越大的压力，要考虑更广泛的公共卫生问题，这些问题扩展到多种污染物暴露，多种暴露途径和脆弱人群。具体而言，累积风险评估计划已经强调了在评估健康风险时必须同时考虑化学和非化学应激源（如社会经济状况（SES）和相关的社会心理压力）的重要性。非化学应激源纳入累积风险评估框架的很大程度上是由社会不同阶层健康差异的证据推动的，这些差异也可能承受着来自化学暴露的不成比例的风险。这次审查将讨论当前在推进累积风险评估领域的努力，重点介绍在传统风险评估范式的构建中讨论的一些主要挑战。此外，我们以社会压力源和空气污染物对健康的潜在相互作用的研究摘要为例，以支持将非化学压力源纳入风险评估的当前研究为例。这些研究的结果虽然暗示可能存在相互作用，但由于社会压力指标应用不一致而受到阻碍。总体而言，尽管取得了重大进展，但在所有风险评估阶段（即，危害识别，暴露评估，剂量反应和风险特征分析）都需要进一步发展，以便为监管行动和有效的社区干预提供科学依据，特别是在考虑非化学应激源时。需要对社会压力对疾病的生物学基础及其对基于化学物质的剂量反应关系的影响有更好的了解。此外，当考虑使用非化学应激源时，还需要适当的度量标准或一系列度量标准来进行风险表征。累积风险评估研究将得益于毒理学，流行病学，营养学，神经毒理学和社会科学等多个不同科学学科的信息协调。

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