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首页> 外文期刊>International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health >Chronic Cigarette Smoking: Implications for Neurocognition and Brain Neurobiology
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Chronic Cigarette Smoking: Implications for Neurocognition and Brain Neurobiology

机译：慢性吸烟：对神经认知和脑神经生物学的影响。

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Compared to the substantial volume of research on the general health consequences associated with chronic smoking, little research has been specifically devoted to the investigation of its effects on human neurobiology and neurocognition. This review summarizes the peer-reviewed literature on the neurocognitive and neurobiological implications of chronic cigarette smoking in cohorts that were not seeking treatment for substance use or psychiatric disorders. Studies that specifically assessed the neurocognitive or neurobiological (with emphasis on computed tomography and magnetic resonance-based neuroimaging studies) consequences of chronic smoking are highlighted. Chronic cigarette smoking appears to be associated with deficiencies in executive functions, cognitive flexibility, general intellectual abilities, learning and/or memory processing speed, and working memory. Chronic smoking is related to global brain atrophy and to structural and biochemical abnormalities in anterior frontal regions, subcortical nuclei and commissural white matter. Chronic smoking may also be associated with an increased risk for various forms of neurodegenerative diseases. The existing literature is limited by inconsistent accounting for potentially confounding biomedical and psychiatric conditions, focus on cross-sectional studies with middle aged and older adults and the absence of studies concurrently assessing neurocognitive, neurobiological and genetic factors in the same cohort. Consequently, the mechanisms promoting the neurocognitive and neurobiological abnormalities reported in chronic smokers are unclear. Longitudinal studies are needed to determine if the smoking-related neurobiological and neurocognitive abnormalities increase over time and/or show recovery with sustained smoking cessation.
机译：与大量研究有关慢性吸烟对一般健康的影响相比，很少有研究专门研究其对人类神经生物学和神经认知的影响。这篇综述总结了同行吸烟者在慢性烟瘾中的神经认知和神经生物学影响，这些人群并未寻求药物使用或精神疾病的治疗。着重研究了专门评估慢性吸烟后果的神经认知或神经生物学研究（重点是计算机断层扫描和基于磁共振的神经成像研究）。慢性吸烟似乎与执行功能，认知灵活性，一般智力，学习和/或记忆处理速度以及工作记忆的不足有关。慢性吸烟与整体脑萎缩以及前额叶区域，皮层下核和连合白质的结构和生化异常有关。长期吸烟也可能与各种形式的神经退行性疾病的风险增加有关。现有文献的局限性在于对可能混淆生物医学和精神病学状况的解释不一致，侧重于对中老年和老年人的横断面研究，并且缺乏在同一队列中同时评估神经认知，神经生物学和遗传因素的研究。因此，尚不清楚慢性吸烟者中促进神经认知和神经生物学异常的机制。需要进行纵向研究，以确定与吸烟有关的神经生物学和神经认知异常是否随着时间的推移而增加和/或显示出持续戒烟能够恢复健康。

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