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首页> 外文期刊>International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health >Risk Assessment of Arsenic in Rice Cereal and Other Dietary Sources for Infants and Toddlers in the U.S.
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Risk Assessment of Arsenic in Rice Cereal and Other Dietary Sources for Infants and Toddlers in the U.S.

机译：美国稻米和其他膳食来源中砷的风险评估

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Currently, there are no set standards or quantitative guidelines available in the U.S. for arsenic levels in rice cereal, one of the most common first solid foods for infants. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether the detected levels of inorganic arsenic (As i ) in rice cereal in the U.S. market are safe for consumption by infants and toddlers. A risk assessment was conducted based on literature reviews of the reported As i in rice cereal from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration’s (FDA) survey and the recommended daily intake of rice cereal by body weight, for infants and toddlers between four and 24 months old. As a part of risk management, a maximum contaminant level (MCL) for As i in rice cereal was computed considering overall exposure sources including drinking water, infant formula, and other infant solid foods. Hazard quotients (HQs) for acute and chronic exposures were calculated based on the U.S. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry’s (ATSDR) Minimal Risk Level (MRL) acute (5.0 × 10 ?3 mg/kg/day) and MRL chronic (3.0 × 10 ?4 mg/kg/day). A cancer slope or potency factor of 1.5 mg/kg/day was used to predict an incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR). Exposure assessment showed that the largest source of As i for infants and toddlers between four and 24 months old was rice cereal (55%), followed by other infant solid food (19%), and drinking water (18%). Infant formula was the smallest source of As i for babies (9%) at the 50th percentile based on Monte Carlo simulations. While HQ acute were consistently below 1.0, HQ chronic at the 50 and 75th percentiles exceeded 1.0 for both rice cereal and total sources. ILCR ranged from 10 ?6 (50th) to 10 ?5 (75th percentile). MCLs for As i in rice cereal ranged from 0.0 (chronic) to 0.4 mg/kg (acute exposures).
机译：目前，在美国，对于婴儿谷物中最常见的第一类固体食物之一米糊中的砷含量，没有设定的标准或定量指南。这项研究的目的是评估在美国市场上检测到的大米谷物中无机砷（As i）的水平是否可以安全地供婴幼儿食用。根据对美国食品和药物管理局（FDA）调查报告的米粉中i i的文献回顾以及建议的体重（以体重计）针对4至24个月大的婴儿每天摄入米粉的风险评估，进行了风险评估。 。作为风险管理的一部分，考虑了包括饮用水，婴儿配方食品和其他婴儿固体食品在内的全部暴露源，计算出了谷类谷物中砷i的最大污染物水平（MCL）。根据美国有毒物质和疾病登记局（ATSDR）的最低风险水平（MRL）急性（5.0×10？3 mg / kg /天）和MRL慢性（3.0），计算急性和慢性暴露的危险商（HQs）。 ×10？4 mg / kg /天）。 1.5 mg / kg /天的癌症斜率或效力系数用于预测终生癌症风险（ILCR）的增加。暴露评估显示，婴儿和幼儿在4至24个月大时，砷i的最大来源是大米谷物（55％），其次是其他婴儿固体食品（19％）和饮用水（18％）。根据蒙特卡洛模拟，婴儿配方奶粉在50％的百分数处为婴儿的As i的最小来源（9％）。稻谷谷物和总来源的急性总部始终低于1.0，而50和75个百分位的慢性总部均超过1.0。 ILCR的范围从10？6（第50个百分点）到10？5（第75个百分点）。大米谷物中As i的MCL范围从0.0（慢性）到0.4 mg / kg（急性暴露）。

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