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首页> 外文期刊>International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health >The Knowledge Base for Achieving the Sustainable Development Goal Targets on Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene
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The Knowledge Base for Achieving the Sustainable Development Goal Targets on Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene

机译：实现关于供水，卫生和卫生的可持续发展目标的知识库

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摘要

Safe drinking water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) are fundamental to an improved standard of living. Globally, 91% of households used improved drinking water sources in 2015, while for improved sanitation it is 68%. Wealth disparities are stark, with rural populations, slum dwellers and marginalized groups lagging significantly behind. Service coverage is significantly lower when considering the new water and sanitation targets under the sustainable development goals (SDGs) which aspire to a higher standard of ‘safely managed’ water and sanitation. Lack of access to WASH can have an economic impact as much as 7% of Gross Domestic Product, not including the social and environmental consequences. Research points to significant health and socio-economic consequences of poor nutritional status, child growth and school performance caused by inadequate WASH. Groundwater over-extraction and pollution of surface water bodies have serious impacts on water resource availability and biodiversity, while climate change exacerbates the health risks of water insecurity. A significant literature documents the beneficial impacts of WASH interventions, and a growing number of impact evaluation studies assess how interventions are optimally financed, implemented and sustained. Many innovations in behavior change and service delivery offer potential for scaling up services to meet the SDGs.
机译：安全的饮用水，环境卫生和个人卫生（WASH）对于改善生活水平至关重要。在全球范围内，2015年有91％的家庭使用了改善的饮用水源，而在改善卫生条件下，这一比例为68％。贫富悬殊，农村人口，贫民窟居民和边缘化群体明显落后。在考虑可持续发展目标（SDGs）下的新水和卫生目标时，服务覆盖率要低得多，这些目标旨在追求更高标准的“安全管理”水和卫生。无法获得WASH可能对国内生产总值造成高达7％的经济影响，不包括社会和环境后果。研究指出，由于WASH不足，营养状况差，儿童成长和学校表现差，对健康和社会经济产生重大影响。地下水的过度开采和地表水体的污染严重影响了水资源的可获得性和生物多样性，而气候变化则加剧了水不安全的健康风险。大量文献记录了WASH干预措施的有益影响，并且越来越多的影响评估研究评估了干预措施的最佳筹资，实施和持续方式。行为改变和服务交付方面的许多创新为扩大​​服务规模以满足SDG提供了潜力。

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