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Identifying experimental surrogates for Bacillus anthracis spores: a review

机译:鉴定炭疽芽孢杆菌孢子的实验替代物:一项综述

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Bacillus anthracis, the causative agent of anthrax, is a proven biological weapon. In order to study this threat, a number of experimental surrogates have been used over the past 70 years. However, not all surrogates are appropriate for B. anthracis, especially when investigating transport, fate and survival. Although B. atrophaeus has been widely used as a B. anthracis surrogate, the two species do not always behave identically in transport and survival models. Therefore, we devised a scheme to identify a more appropriate surrogate for B. anthracis. Our selection criteria included risk of use (pathogenicity), phylogenetic relationship, morphology and comparative survivability when challenged with biocides. Although our knowledge of certain parameters remains incomplete, especially with regards to comparisons of spore longevity under natural conditions, we found that B. thuringiensis provided the best overall fit as a non-pathogenic surrogate for B. anthracis. Thus, we suggest focusing on this surrogate in future experiments of spore fate and transport modelling.
机译:炭疽杆菌是炭疽的病原体,是一种经过验证的生物武器。为了研究这种威胁,在过去的70年中使用了许多实验性的替代方法。但是,并非所有替代物都适合炭疽芽孢杆菌,特别是在研究运输,命运和生存时。尽管萎缩双歧杆菌已被广泛用作炭疽双歧杆菌的代用品,但这两个物种在运输和生存模型中的表现并不总是相同。因此,我们设计了一种方案来确定更适合炭疽芽孢杆菌的替代品。我们的选择标准包括使用生物杀伤剂时的使用风险(致病性),系统发育关系,形态和相对生存能力。尽管我们对某些参数的知识仍然不完整,尤其是在自然条件下比较孢子寿命的时候,但我们发现苏云金芽孢杆菌作为炭疽芽孢杆菌的非致病性替代品提供了最佳的总体适应性。因此,我们建议在未来的孢子命运和运输模型实验中将这一关注点集中于此。

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