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首页> 外文期刊>Investigative Genetics >Forensic identification of severely degraded Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) tissues
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Forensic identification of severely degraded Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) tissues

机译：法医鉴定严重降解的大西洋鲑（Salmo salar）和虹鳟（Oncorhynchus mykiss）组织

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Background Aquaculture is a globally important and rapidly growing industry. It contributes positively to the economy and sustainability of coastal communities, but it is not without regulatory challenges. These challenges are diverse, and may include identification of fish discarded in an illegal manner, biological discharge from fish ensilage tanks, and partially destroyed or processed tissues. Robust genetic tools are required by management authorities to address these challenges. In this paper, we describe nine species-specific primer sets amplifying very short DNA fragments within the mitochondrial DNA cytochrome c oxidase (COI) gene, which were designed to permit diagnostic identification of degraded DNA from two of the most commonly farmed salmonids in Europe and North America. Results Of the nine designed primer sets, six were found to be species-specific (four Atlantic salmon, two rainbow trout), whereas the remaining three sets (two Atlantic salmon, one rainbow trout) also amplified a product from other, closely related, salmonid DNA templates. Screening of DNA templates from 11 other non-salmonid native fish species did not produce PCR products with any of the primer sets. Specific tests confirmed the ability of these markers to identify Atlantic salmon and rainbow trout tissues in treated food products, chemically treated ensilage waste and fillets left to degrade in saltwater for up to 31 days at 15°C. Importantly, these markers provided diagnostic identification in cases where other genetic methods failed because of degraded DNA quality. Conclusions Results from this study demonstrate that amplification of very short DNA fragments using species-specific primers represents a robust and versatile method to create cheap and efficient genetic tests that can be implemented in a range of forensic applications. These markers will provide fishery, aquaculture and food regulatory authorities with a method to investigate and enforce regulations within these industries.
机译：背景技术水产养殖是全球重要且发展迅速的产业。它为沿海社区的经济和可持续发展做出了积极贡献，但并非没有监管挑战。这些挑战是多种多样的，并且可能包括识别非法丢弃的鱼，从鱼贮罐中排出生物以及部分破坏或加工过的组织。管理当局需要强大的遗传工具来应对这些挑战。在本文中，我们描述了九种特定于物种的引物，可扩增线粒体DNA细胞色素C氧化酶（COI）基因中的非常短的DNA片段，这些引物用于诊断鉴定来自欧洲和美国最常见的两种鲑鱼的降解DNA。北美。结果在9个设计的引物组中，发现6个是特定物种的（4条大西洋鲑鱼，2条虹鳟鱼），而其余3组（2条大西洋鲑鱼，1条虹鳟鱼）还扩增了其他紧密相关的产物，鲑鱼DNA模板。从其他11种非鲑鱼的天然鱼类中筛选DNA模板时，未使用任何引物对产生PCR产物。特定测试证实了这些标记物能够识别经过处理的食品，经化学处理的青贮废物和在咸水中在15°C下降解长达31天的鱼片的大西洋鲑鱼和虹鳟鱼组织。重要的是，在其他遗传方法由于DNA质量下降而失败的情况下，这些标记物可提供诊断鉴定。结论这项研究的结果表明，使用物种特异性引物扩增非常短的DNA片段代表了一种健壮且通用的方法，可以创建可在各种法医学应用中实施的廉价且有效的基因测试。这些标记将为渔业，水产养殖和食品监管机构提供一种调查和执行这些行业法规的方法。

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