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Northern Telangana, an Iron and Crucible Steel Production Landscape in India

机译：北部特兰甘纳邦，印度钢铁和坩埚生产的风景

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摘要

Northern Telangana now lies in the remote rural heartland of India but is world renowned for its role in the past as a region of iron and crucible steel production, recorded in historical accounts and field investigations by first Thelma Lowe and then S. Jaikishan. In 2010 a joint team from University of Exeter and NIAS (National Institute of Advanced Studies), Bangalore, carried out a six-week archaeological field survey in the area that recorded 245 locations of which 183 are associated with metal-working. Locations of primary iron smelting dominated the survey results, with crucible steel manufacture forming c. 20% of the records. Further analysis is needed to resolve variations in smelting technologies but differences can be observed between smelting locations within settlements and those in more remote forested areas. A wide range of technologies are indicated by differences in tuyere size and shape, and techniques of furnace wall construction. The crucible steel-making locations show at least two different traditions using small, thin-walled crucibles and large, conical-lidded crucibles. This paper describes a preliminary assessment of the survey data.
机译：北部特伦甘纳邦现在位于印度偏远的农村中心地带，但因其过去作为铁和坩埚钢铁生产地区而举世闻名，这在历史记载和实地调查中均由西尔玛·洛（Thelma Lowe）和萨基基山（S. Jaikishan）进行了记录。 2010年，来自埃克塞特大学和班加罗尔NIAS（国家高等研究院）的联合团队在该地区进行了为期六周的考古现场调查，记录了245个地点，其中183个地点与金属加工有关。初步炼铁的地点主导了调查结果，其中坩埚钢的生产形成了c。记录的20％。需要进一步分析以解决冶炼技术的差异，但可以发现定居点内的冶炼位置与更偏远的森林地区的冶炼位置之间存在差异。风口尺寸和形状以及炉壁构造技术的差异表明了各种各样的技术。坩埚炼钢场所至少显示了两种不同的传统，即使用小而薄壁的坩埚和大而圆锥形的坩埚。本文介绍了对调查数据的初步评估。

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