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HIV Transmission Networks in the San Diego-Tijuana Border Region

机译：圣地亚哥-蒂华纳边境地区的艾滋病毒传播网络

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Background: HIV sequence data can be used to reconstruct local transmission networks. Along international borders, like the San Diego-Tijuana region, understanding the dynamics of HIV transmission across reported risks, racial/ethnic groups, and geography can help direct effective prevention efforts on both sides of the border. Methods: We gathered sociodemographic, geographic, clinical, and viral sequence data from HIV infected individuals participating in ten studies in the San Diego-Tijuana border region. Phylogenetic and network analysis was performed to infer putative relationships between HIV sequences. Correlates of identified clusters were evaluated and spatiotemporal relationships were explored using Bayesian phylogeographic analysis. Findings: After quality filtering, 843 HIV sequences with associated demographic data and 263 background sequences from the region were analyzed, and 138 clusters were inferred (2-23 individuals). Overall, the rate of clustering did not differ by ethnicity, residence, or sex, but bisexuals were less likely to cluster than heterosexuals or men who have sex with men (p=0.043), and individuals identifying as white (p@?0.01) were more likely to cluster than other races. Clustering individuals were also 3.5years younger than non-clustering individuals (p<0.001). Although the sampled San Diego and Tijuana epidemics were phylogenetically compartmentalized, five clusters contained individuals residing on both sides of the border. Interpretation: This study sampled ~7% of HIV infected individuals in the border region, and although the sampled networks on each side of the border were largely separate, there was evidence of persistent bidirectional cross-border transmissions that linked risk groups, thus highlighting the importance of the border region as a ''melting pot'' of risk groups. Funding: NIH, VA, and Pendleton Foundation.
机译：背景：HIV序列数据可用于重建本地传播网络。在像圣地亚哥-蒂华纳地区这样的国际边界上，了解艾滋病毒在报告的风险，种族/族裔群体和地理区域之间传播的动态，可以帮助指导边界两侧的有效预防工作。方法：我们从参加圣地亚哥-蒂华纳边境地区的十项研究的艾滋病毒感染者那里收集了社会人口统计学，地理，临床和病毒序列数据。进行了系统发育和网络分析以推断HIV序列之间的推定关系。使用贝叶斯系统地理学分析评估已鉴定簇的相关性并探索时空关系。结果：经过质量过滤后，分析了该地区的843个HIV序列以及相关的人口统计数据和263个背景序列，并推断出138个簇（2-23个个体）。总体而言，聚类的比率在种族，居住地或性别方面没有差异，但双性恋者比异性恋者或与男性发生性关系的男性（p = 0.043）以及被识别为白人的个体（p@?0.01）的可能性更低。比其他种族更容易聚集。聚类个体也比非聚类个体年轻3.5岁（p <0.001）。尽管对采样的圣地亚哥和蒂华纳流行病进行了系统发育隔离，但五个簇包含了居住在边界两侧的个人。解释：该研究对边境地区约7％的HIV感染者进行了抽样，尽管边境两边的抽样网络在很大程度上是分开的，但有证据表明，持续的双向跨境传播将风险群体联系在一起，从而突显了边境地区作为风险群体的“熔炉”的重要性。资金来源：美国国立卫生研究院，弗吉尼亚州和彭德尔顿基金会。

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