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Hepatitis C Drugs: The End of the Pegylated Interferon Era and the Emergence of All-Oral, Interferon-Free Antiviral Regimens: A Concise Review

机译:丙型肝炎药物:聚乙二醇化干扰素时代的终结和全口服,无干扰素的抗病毒药物的出现:简明评论

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Between 2001 and 2011, the standard of care for chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection was a combination of pegylated interferon (PEGIFN) and ribavirin (RBV). In May 2011, boceprevir and telaprevir, two first-generation NS3/4A protease inhibitors, were approved in combination with PEG-IFN and RBV for 24 to 48 weeks in hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infections. In December 2013, simeprevir, a second-generation NS3/4A protease inhibitor, was approved for use with PEG-IFN and RBV for 12 weeks in genotype 1, while sofosbuvir, a NS5B nucleotide polymerase inhibitor, was approved for use with PEG-IFN and RBV for 12 weeks in genotypes 1 and 4, as well as with RBV alone for 12 weeks in genotype 2 and for 24 weeks in genotype 3. Sofosbuvir combined with simeprevir or an NS5A replication complex inhibitor (ledipasvir or daclatasvir) with or without RBV for 12 weeks in genotype 1 resulted in a sustained virological response >90%, irrespective of previous treatment history or presence of cirrhosis. Similarly impressive sustained virological response rates have been shown with ABT-450/r (ritonavir-boosted NS3/4A protease inhibitor)-based regimens in combination with other direct-acting antiviral agent(s) with or without RBV for 12 weeks in genotype 1. The optimal all-oral interferon-free antiviral regimen likely entails a combination of an NS5B nucleotide polymerase inhibitor with either a second-generation NS3/4A protease inhibitor or an NS5A replication complex inhibitor with or without RBV. Further research is needed to determine the role of resistance testing, clarify the optimal follow-up duration post-treatment, and evaluate the antiviral efficacy and safety in difficult-to-cure patient populations.
机译:在2001年至2011年之间,慢性丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)感染的护理标准是聚乙二醇化干扰素(PEGIFN)和利巴韦林(RBV)的组合。 2011年5月,批准了两种第一代NS3 / 4A蛋白酶抑制剂boceprevir和telaprevir与PEG-IFN和RBV联合用于C型肝炎病毒基因型1感染,持续24至48周。 2013年12月,第二代NS3 / 4A蛋白酶抑制剂simeprevir被批准与基因型1一起与PEG-IFN和RBV一起使用12周,而NS5B核苷酸聚合酶抑制剂sofosbuvir被批准与PEG-IFN一起使用。分别在基因型1和4中使用RBV治疗12周,在基因型2中使用RBV单独治疗12周,在基因型3中使用RBV治疗24周。索非布韦联合simeprevir或NS5A复制复合抑制剂(ledipasvir或daclatasvir)联合或不联合RBV无论以前的治疗史或是否存在肝硬化,基因型1的治疗12周后,持续的病毒学应答率均> 90%。在基于ABT-450 / r(利托那韦增强的NS3 / 4A蛋白酶抑制剂)的治疗方案中,与其他直接作用的抗病毒药物联合使用或不联合使用RBV,在基因型1中已显示出惊人的持续病毒学应答率,持续12周最佳的全口服无干扰素抗病毒方案可能需要将NS5B核苷酸聚合酶抑制剂与第二代NS3 / 4A蛋白酶抑制剂或带有或不带有RBV的NS5A复制复合物抑制剂组合使用。需要进一步的研究以确定耐药性测试的作用,阐明治疗后的最佳随访时间,并评估难以治愈的患者人群的抗病毒效力和安全性。

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