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Multi‐Order Carbon Spectral Imager: A Sensor Concept for Carbon Cycle Investigations

机译：多阶碳谱成像仪：用于碳循环研究的传感器概念

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Despite their importance to climate change, significant current and future source uncertainties remain for the most important carbon greenhouse gases (GHGs) methane (CH 4 ) and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), particularly for the developing world. Mitigation by effective regulation and treaties requires accurate global GHG budgets, which only global‐scale (satellite) remote sensing can deliver. A high spatial and spectral resolution spectrometer is needed; herein, we present the design concept for a Multi‐Order Carbon Spectral Imager (MOCSI). MOCSI is designed for the global measurement of differential GHG column density and source fingerprinting from low Earth orbit. MOCSI includes three wavebands for CH 4 , CO 2 , and carbon monoxide (CO), whose altitude weighting functions emphasize the boundary layer, where the dominant GHG anthropogenic and natural sources are still unmixed and therefore most easily discerned against background levels. CO aids discrimination of megacity and fire GHG emissions from other sources and is also a precursor for ozone, which is also an important GHG. High spectral resolution ensures discrimination of target species from interferents, while high spatial resolution enhances sensitivity for discrete source identification and emission quantification. MOCSI is a compact, high‐throughput shortwave‐infrared pushbroom spectrometer that disperses multiple orders of a single grating onto a single focal plane array to minimize size, weight, and power of the instrument. MOCSI is specified to provide spatial and temporal resolution and sensitivity sufficient to address important global science questions related to megacity emissions, shifts in hydrocarbon production, and disaster response, as well as many others.
机译：尽管它们对气候变化非常重要，但对于最重要的碳温室气体（GHGs）甲烷（CH 4）和二氧化碳（CO 2），当前和未来的来源不确定性仍然很大，尤其是对于发展中国家。有效的法规和条约的缓解要求准确的全球温室气体预算，只有全球（卫星）遥感才能提供。需要一个高空间和光谱分辨率的光谱仪。本文中，我们介绍了多阶碳谱仪（MOCSI）的设计概念。 MOCSI专为全球测量GHG差分柱密度和低地球轨道的源指纹而设计。 MOCSI包括用于CH 4，CO 2和一氧化碳（CO）的三个波段，它们的高度加权功能着重于边界层，在该边界层，主要的人为温室气体和自然源仍未混合，因此最容易根据背景水平进行区分。一氧化碳有助于区分大城市和其他来源的燃烧温室气体排放，并且还是臭氧的前兆，臭氧也是重要的温室气体。高光谱分辨率可确保区分目标物种与干扰物，而高空间分辨率可提高对离散源识别和发射定量的灵敏度。 MOCSI是一款紧凑的高通量短波红外推扫式光谱仪，可将单个光栅的多个阶散布到单个焦平面阵列上，以最小化仪器的尺寸，重量和功率。 MOCSI被指定为提供时空分辨率和灵敏度，足以解决与特大城市排放，碳氢化合物生产变化，灾害响应以及其他许多问题相关的重要全球科学问题。

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