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Diversity and structure of soil bacterial communities associated with vultures in an African savanna

机译：非洲大草原中与秃associated有关的土壤细菌群落的多样性和结构

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Bird guano has been shown to alter the structure and function of ecological communities. Here we characterize the effects of vulture guano on the phylogenetic structure, taxa richness, and abundance in soil bacterial communities within an African savanna. By altering soil chemistry and nutrient status, vulture guano appears to play a role in influencing the structure of soil bacterial communities. DNA was extracted from soil collected under twenty trees: five African white‐backed vulture ( Gyps africanus , WBV) nesting sites, five lappet‐faced vulture (Torgos tracheliotos , LFV) nesting sites and ten control sites where no sign of vulture activity was detected. Using a high‐density phylogenetic microarray (PhyloChip G2), we identified 1,803 bacterial Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) in the twenty samples. Analysis of beta‐diversity using the Unifrac distance metric demonstrated that WBV nesting sites were phylogenetically distinct from both control trees and LFV nesting sites. We detected a higher degree of phylogenetic clustering in soil bacterial communities associated with both WBV and LFV nesting sites compared to control sites, suggesting that the deposition of guano increases the strength of habitat filtering in these communities. Canonical correspondence analysis revealed that variation in OTU intensity (a measure of relative abundance) could be related to variations in pH, electrical conductivity and total nitrogen content. WBV sites explained 10% to 22% of the variation in OTU intensity. The elevated total nitrogen and lower pH characteristic of soils associated with vultures may favor Proteobacteria and suppress Firmicutes, particularly Clostridia and Bacilli. Acidic aggregations of vulture guano may be unlikely to support long‐term survival of spore‐forming Firmicute pathogens and thus may limit the role that vultures play as potential disease vectors.
机译：鸟粪已被证明可以改变生态群落的结构和功能。在这里，我们表征了秃鸟粪对非洲大草原内土壤细菌群落的系统发育结构，分类单元丰富和丰富的影响。通过改变土壤化学和养分状况，秃鸟粪似乎在影响土壤细菌群落的结构中发挥作用。从二十棵树下收集的土壤中提取DNA：五个非洲白背秃v（ Gyps africanus，WBV）筑巢点，五个立面秃v（ Torgos tracheliotos，LFV）筑巢点和十个控制点，其中没有检测到秃鹰活动的迹象。使用高密度系统发育芯片（PhyloChip G2），我们在20个样品中鉴定了1,803个细菌操作分类单位（OTU）。使用Unifrac距离度量标准对β多样性进行的分析表明，WBV嵌套位点在系统发育上不同于对照树和LFV嵌套位点。我们发现与控制位点相比，与WBV和LFV筑巢位点相关的土壤细菌群落中发生的系统发育簇的程度更高，这表明鸟粪的沉积增加了这些群落中栖息地过滤的强度。典型的对应分析表明，OTU强度的变化（相对丰度的一种度量）可能与pH值，电导率和总氮含量的变化有关。 WBV站点解释了OTU强度变化的10％至22％。与秃associated有关的土壤中总氮的升高和pH值较低的特征可能有利于变形杆菌并抑制纤毛虫，特别是梭菌和芽孢杆菌。秃鸟粪的酸性聚集可能不大可能支持形成孢子的Fimicute病原体的长期存活，因此可能会限制秃v作为潜在病媒的作用。

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