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Teaching About the Environment in Cattle Country: A Reflection on Values and Conflict

机译：牛国环境教学：对价值观和冲突的反思

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Teaching About the Environment in Cattle Country: A Reflection on Values and Conflict Kathleen A. Dahl Eastern Oregon University I teach anthropology at a rural university with a student body derived mostly from the surrounding areas. Sixty percent of the students at Eastern Oregon University are from that immediate region, and another 20 percent are from other rural areas. Many of our students come from families that have been ranching or farming or logging for generations, and many students expect to return to these occupations after college. This academic world, for many, is an alien world, filled with bizarre theories and upside-down values diametrically opposed to those learned at home or in the tiny and isolated public school systems in the small towns scattered throughout northeastern Oregon. Students must learn to cope with the disorientation and even shock resulting from exposure to radical ideas and radical professors, at the same time they learn to navigate the urban environs of the sprawling metropolis of La Grande. Lest you think I am exaggerating the extent of such provincialism in our modern age of television, movie videos, and the Internet, let me offer just one illustrative example. I and other professors teach in disciplines that emphasize human biological evolution. The concept of human evolution is so upsetting to some students that they will not even come to class during that portion of the course, and choose to forfeit points on exams rather than hear about evolution. Perhaps the one topic that provokes even more outrage and resistance than evolution is environmentalism, or any environmentally based analysis of human society and behavior. Eastern Oregon is a region still greatly dependent on agricultural activities like farming and ranching, and on the timber industry in one form or another. I say still dependent because these industries are declining a little less rapidly than elsewhere, although declining they are. Declines in the cattle and timber industries, especially, are blamed on government regulations and environmentalists who, it is believed, are successful at limiting the number of trees cut or the areas where cattle may graze. Every mainstream anthropology textbook examines humanity's development from small-scale foraging societies with minimal impacts on the environment, to one global system dominated by high-tech industrial and post-industrial societies based on intensive profit-oriented
机译：关于牛区环境的教学：对价值观和冲突的反思凯瑟琳·A·达尔·俄勒冈东部大学我在一所乡村大学中教授人类学，其学生群体主要来自周围地区。俄勒冈东部大学的学生中有60％来自该地区，另外20％来自其他农村地区。我们的许多学生来自几代人的牧场，耕种或伐木的家庭，许多学生希望大学毕业后重返这些职业。对于许多人来说，这个学术世界是一个陌生的世界，充满了怪异的理论和颠倒的价值观，与在家中或俄勒冈州东北部小镇的小而孤立的公立学校系统中学到的东西截然相反。学生必须学会应对激进的思想和激进的教授所带来的迷失方向，甚至感到震惊，与此同时，他们还应学习如何应对拉格兰德这个大都市的城市环境。唯恐您认为我在现代电视，电影视频和互联网时代夸大了这种地方主义的程度，让我举一个说明性的例子。我和其他教授在强调人类生物进化的学科中任教。人类进化的概念对某些学生来说非常令人沮丧，以至于他们甚至在课程的那部分时间都不会上课，他们选择放弃考试的分数而不是听说进化论。环保论或对人类社会和行为的任何基于环境的分析，可能引起比进化更多的愤怒和抵制的一个话题。俄勒冈州东部地区仍然非常依赖农业活动，例如农业和牧场，以及木材业的某种形式。我说仍然是依赖的，因为尽管这些行业正在下降，但它们的下降速度却比其他任何地方都快。尤其是养牛和木材工业的下降归咎于政府法规和环保主义者，据信他们成功地限制了砍伐的树木数量或可能放牧的地区。每本主流人类学教科书都考察人类的发展，从对环境影响最小的小规模觅食社会到以密集的，以利润为导向的，以高科技工业和后工业社会为主导的全球体系

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