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The role of the applied epidemiologist in armed conflict

机译：应用流行病学家在武装冲突中的作用

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Background Applied epidemiologists are increasingly working in areas of insecurity and active conflict to define the health risks, suggest feasible means to reduce these risks and, monitor the capacity and reconstruction of the public health system. In 2001, The Carter Center and the United States Institute for Peace sponsored a conference within which "Violence and Health" was discussed and a working group on applied epidemiology formed. The group was tasked to describe the skills that are essential to effective functioning in these settings and thereby provide guidance to the applied epidemiology training programs. Methods We conducted a literature review and consultation of a convenience sample of practitioners of applied epidemiology with experience in conflict areas. Results and conclusions The health programs designed to prevent and mitigate conflict are in their early stages of implementation and the evaluation measures for success are still being defined. The practice of epidemiology in conflict must occur within a larger humanitarian and political context to be effective. The skills required extend beyond the normal epidemiological training that focuses on the valid collection and interpretation of data and fall into two general categories: (1) Conducting a thorough assessment of the conflict setting in order to design more effective public health action in conflict settings, and (2) Communicating effectively to guide health program implementation, to advocate for needed policy changes and to facilitate interagency coordination. These are described and illustrated using examples from different countries.
机译：背景技术应用流行病学家正日益在不安全和积极冲突领域开展工作，以确定健康风险，提出降低这些风险的可行方法，并监测公共卫生系统的能力和重建。 2001年，卡特中心和美国和平研究所主办了一次会议，讨论了“暴力与健康”，并成立了应用流行病学工作组。该小组的任务是描述在这些情况下有效运作所必需的技能，从而为应用流行病学培训计划提供指导。方法我们对在冲突地区有经验的应用流行病学从业人员进行了便利样本的文献回顾和咨询。结果与结论旨在预防和减轻冲突的卫生计划尚处于实施的早期阶段，并且仍在确定成功的评估措施。冲突中的流行病学实践必须在更大的人道主义和政治背景下进行才能有效。所需的技能超出了常规的流行病学培训的范围，后者侧重于有效收集和解释数据，并分为两大类：（1）对冲突情况进行彻底评估，以便在冲突情况下设计更有效的公共卫生行动， （2）有效沟通以指导卫生计划的实施，倡导必要的政策变化并促进机构间的协调。使用来自不同国家的示例来描述和说明这些内容。

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