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AIDS, conflict and the media in Africa: risks in reporting bad data badly

机译：非洲的艾滋病，冲突和媒体：错误报告不良数据的风险

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Background Conflict, poverty and HIV disproportionately affect people in sub-Saharan Africa. The manner in which governments, national and international organisations and the media report on the HIV epidemic in situations of conflict, post-conflict and reconstruction can have unintended and negative consequences for those affected populations. The media in particular has a huge influence on how the world observes and reacts to the HIV epidemic among conflict-affected and displaced populations. Discussion Three case studies focused on Sudan, Uganda and Guinea describe what the media reported and why the reports were incomplete, misleading or incorrect. The exploration of possible ways to ensure that the media do not unwittingly inflame delicate and complicated situations of HIV among conflict-affected and displaced populations is then undertaken using epidemiological and journalistic principles. The discussion is divided into four sections: 1) Avoid stigmatising statements and ensure a balanced view; 2) Avoid accurate but misleading statements; 3) Avoid inaccurate statements by clearly stating sources and verifying their credibility; and 4) Do not repeat data and conclusions from other news sources without checking their accuracy. The aim of this manuscript is to stimulate awareness and debate among persons and organisations working on HIV/AIDS as well as the media in order to improve dialogue and ultimately to reduce stigma and discrimination amongst an already vulnerable group – conflict-affected and displaced persons. Summary The media and humanitarian organisations have published misleading and inaccurate HIV data and statements on conflict-affected and displaced populations in Sudan, Uganda and Guinea. Given the unique characteristics of the HIV epidemic and conflict-affected and displaced populations, the media have a special obligation to report in a balanced and non-discriminatory manner that may go beyond the accepted standards of journalism. The media may wish to have the HIV data and their interpretation reviewed by technical experts before going to press. Specific training for reporters and editors regarding ethical issues and basic epidemiological methods may help them to better understand the complexity of the situation and report more accurately; similar training for media watch groups and human rights organisations may improve the monitoring of such situations and possibly reduce misreporting and subsequent discrimination. More rigorous HIV biological and behavioural surveillance should be undertaken in situations of conflict and displacement and humanitarian guidelines should be integrated with guidance on media relations and reporting responsibilities of humanitarian agencies. Finally, humanitarian agencies must ensure the data they release are sound and that any biases are clearly stated. Improved communication with the media will help to ensure more accurate reporting and interpretation.
机译：背景冲突，贫困和艾滋病毒对撒哈拉以南非洲的人们的影响尤其严重。政府，国家和国际组织以及媒体在冲突，冲突后和重建情况下报道艾滋病毒流行的方式可能会对那些受影响的人群产生意想不到的负面影响。特别是媒体对世界如何看待受冲突影响和流离失所者中的艾滋病毒流行和如何作出反应产生了巨大影响。讨论针对苏丹，乌干达和几内亚的三个案例研究描述了媒体报道的内容以及报道不完整，误导或不正确的原因。然后，使用流行病学和新闻学原理探索确保媒体不会在受冲突影响的流离失所者中无意识地激化艾滋病毒的复杂状况的可能方法。讨论分为四个部分：1）避免污名化陈述并确保观点均衡; 2）避免做出准确但具有误导性的陈述; 3）通过清楚地说明来源并验证其可信度来避免陈述不准确; （4）不要在不检查其准确性的情况下重复其他新闻来源的数据和结论。该手稿的目的是激发从事艾滋病毒/艾滋病的个人和组织以及媒体之间的意识和辩论，以改善对话，最终减少已经脆弱的群体（受冲突影响和流离失所者）的污名和歧视。小结媒体和人道主义组织发布了有关苏丹，乌干达和几内亚受冲突影响和流离失所者的艾滋病毒数据和陈述，但这些陈述具有误导性和准确性。鉴于艾滋病毒流行病以及受冲突影响和流离失所者的独特特征，媒体负有以均衡，非歧视的方式进行报道的特殊责任，这可能超出公认的新闻标准。媒体不希望在发表之前由技术专家审查艾滋病毒数据及其解释。对记者和编辑进行有关道德问题和基本流行病学方法的专门培训，可以帮助他们更好地了解情况的复杂性并更准确地进行报道;对媒体观察团和人权组织的类似培训可以改善对这种情况的监测，并可能减少误报和随后的歧视。在冲突和流离失所情况下，应进行更严格的艾滋病毒生物和行为监测，人道主义准则应与媒体关系和人道主义机构的报告责任相结合。最后，人道主义机构必须确保其发布的数据是正确的，并明确说明任何偏见。与媒体的更好沟通将有助于确保更准确的报道和解释。

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