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Assessing the energy justice implications of bioenergy development in Nepal

机译：评估尼泊尔生物能源发展对能源正义的影响

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Background The emerging concept of energy justice has focused on the justice implications of conventional energy systems (oil, gas, coal, etc.). Instead, we focus on the meaning of energy justice in the context of unconventional energy systems, by investigating small-scale bioenergy development in Nepal. We approach energy justice as a conceptual framework that focuses on social justice implications of energy systems, with an emphasis on burden/benefit distributions and procedural or post-distributive justice, and consider its applicability beyond conventional energy systems. Methods Research was carried out in two parallel phases: (1) a quantitative phase, based on spatial analysis of secondary data, explores bioenergy distribution in Nepal, in relation to social-demographic characteristics, to investigate processes of distributive justice, and (2) a qualitative phase, based on thematic analysis of primary interview data, looks at post-distributive aspects of the energy reality in Nepal, to critically discuss the meaning of energy justice in this context. Results 1) Biogas development is unevenly distributed, following patterns of social connectedness, which suggests significant spatial variation in capabilities or capability deprivations regarding individual agency in relation to (bio)energy. 2) There is a surprising inconsistency in the relationship between socially marginalised populations and attainment of biogas across the country, which needs further research. 3) Individual agency, supported or facilitated by enabling actors—particularly local biogas companies—is a key characteristic of local biogas development. 4) Decentralised, small-scale energy development gives rise to power dynamics differing fundamentally from those of conventional centralised energy systems, through radically different processes of procedural justice. Conclusions Processes of energy justice are shown to exhibit strong spatial variability and are associated with social connectedness. Analysis focusing on processes of agency and empowerment leads to the conclusion that energy justice, to encourage unconventional energy development, should emphasise the necessary interconnection of individual rights, empowerment and responsibility .
机译：背景技术新兴的能源正义概念集中于常规能源系统（石油，天然气，煤炭等）的正义含义。相反，我们通过调查尼泊尔的小规模生物能源发展，着眼于非常规能源系统中能源正义的含义。我们将能源正义作为一个概念框架，重点关注能源系统对社会正义的影响，重点是负担/利益分配以及程序或分配后的正义，并考虑其在常规能源系统之外的适用性。方法研究分两个平行阶段进行：（1）定量阶段，基于对次要数据的空间分析，探讨尼泊尔与社会人口学特征有关的生物能源分布，以调查分配正义的过程，以及（2）一个定性阶段，基于对主要访谈数据的主题分析，着眼于尼泊尔能源现实的分配后方面，以批判性地讨论能源正义在此背景下的含义。结果1）沼气的发展不均匀，遵循社会联系的模式，这表明能力的显着空间变化或与（生物）能源有关的单个机构的能力丧失。 2）全国社会边缘化人口与获得沼气之间的关系出乎意料地不一致，这需要进一步研究。 3）个体代理机构，在使能者（特别是当地沼气公司）的支持或支持下，是当地沼气发展的关键特征。 4）分散，小规模的能源发展通过根本不同的程序正义过程，产生了与传统集中式能源系统根本不同的动力动态。结论能源正义过程显示出强烈的空间变异性，并与社会联系相关。以代理和授权过程为中心的分析得出这样的结论：为鼓励非常规能源发展，能源正义应强调个人权利，授权和责任之间的必要联系。

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