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Phloem’s role in plant pathogenesis

机译：韧皮部在植物发病机理中的作用

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Systemic signalling via the phloem is essential for plant development and adaption to environmental changes. Perception of pathogens and it’s effectors, triggers signals that reach the phloem to promote sieve element (SE) occlusion. This review focuses on the diverse possible defense mechanisms against microbes associated to the phloem of higher plants. One of the first responses to biotic changes in the environment is the gating of Ca2+-permeable channels to trigger intracellular cascades. Ca2+ can act as a key molecule for the generation and amplification of numerous long-distance signals. Diverse long-distance signals, electrical and chemical, are suggested to play a role in plant defence. Electropotential waves propagate along the vascular pathway induce Ca2+ influx into SE elements with the consequence of SE occlusion. It is presumptive that some chemical signalling substances are produced prior SE occlusion and spread throughout the plant body. The effect of the SE occlusion is to form a physical barrier to restrict pathogens and to accumulate other signal molecules- reversibility ensures a systemic spread of signals.
机译：通过韧皮部的系统性信号传导对于植物发育和适应环境变化至关重要。对病原体及其效应物的感知会触发到达韧皮部的信号，从而促进筛分（SE）阻塞。这篇综述集中在针对与高等植物韧皮部相关的微生物的各种可能的防御机制上。对环境中生物变化的第一个响应之一是对Ca2 +渗透通道的门控，以触发细胞内级联反应。 Ca2 +可以作为产生和放大许多长途信号的关键分子。建议使用多种多样的长途信号（电气和化学信号）来防御植物。电势波沿血管途径传播，导致Ca2 +流入SE元素，导致SE阻塞。据推测，某些化学信号物质是在SE闭塞之前产生的，并散布在整个植物体内。 SE闭塞的作用是形成物理屏障来限制病原体并积累其他信号分子-可逆性确保了信号的系统传播。

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