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Herpetofauna of the Podkielecki Landscape Protection Area

机译：Podkielecki景观保护区的Herpetofauna

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The study was conducted in 2016-2017 in the Podkielecki Landscape Protection Area (area 26,485 ha). It was focused on the occurrence and distribution of amphibians and reptiles, the biology of the selected species and the existing threats. Established in 1995, the Podkielecki Landscape Protection Area surrounds the city of Kielce from the north, east and south-east, and adjoins several other protected areas. It covers the western part of the ?wi?tokrzyskie Mountains (part of the Klonowskie and Mas?owskie ranges) and the southern part of the Suchedniów Plateau. The studied area is mostly covered by forest and thicket communities (48.1%) and farmlands (39.9%), followed by built-up areas (7.8%), industrial areas (0.5%), roads and railways (2.7%), and surface water bodies (1%). The protected area is developed mainly on Palaeozoic rocks, including Cambrian and Ordovician sandstones, Silurian and Carboniferous shales, and Devonian marls. Podzolic soils predominate among soils. The largest rivers include Lubrzanka, Czarna Nida, Bobrza and Belnianka. There are no natural lakes within the PLPA limits, and the largest artificial reservoirs include the Cedzyna Reservoir, Morawica Reservoir, Suków Sandpit and two sedimentation reservoirs of the Kielce Power Plant. The area includes 2 nature reserves: Barcza and Sufraganiec. The following amphibian species were recognised during the investigations within the borders of the studied area: alpine newt Ichthyosaura alpestris Laur., great crested newt Triturus cristatus Laur., smooth newt Lissotriton vulgaris L., European fire-bellied toad Bombina bombina L., common spadefoot toad Pelobates fuscus Laur., common toad Bufo bufo L., natterjack toad Epidalea calamita Laur., European green toad Bufotes viridis Laur., European tree frog Hyla arborea L., pool frog Pelophylax lessonae Cam., edible frog Pelophylax esculentus L., marsh frog Pelophylax ridibundus Pall., moor frog Rana arvalis Nilss., and common frog Rana temporaria L. The reptiles were represented by sand lizard Lacerta agilis L., viviparous lizard Zootoca vivipara Jacquin, slow worm Anguis fragilis L., grass snake Natrix natrix L. and common European adder Vipera berus L. The study also included the phenology and breeding biology of the common toad and common frog. The most crucial herpetofauna conservation problems identified here include amphibians killed on roads by vehicles. The study area is intersected by very busy roads, in particular: European route no. E77, national roads nos. 73, 74 and S74, and regional roads nos. 745, 750 and 764. For this reason, future road reconstruction projects should consider the assembly of various crossing roads for wildlife, particularly on the 600 m long section of national road no. 74 near Cedzyna Reservoir. Other threats include illegal waste dumping, pollution of surface waters, fire setting, overgrowing and desiccation of small water bodies.
机译：该研究于2016-2017年在Podkielecki景观保护区（26,485公顷）中进行。它着重于两栖动物和爬行动物的发生和分布，选定物种的生物学和现有威胁。成立于1995年的Podkielecki景观保护区从北，东和东南环绕凯尔采市，并毗邻其他几个保护区。它覆盖了“ wi？tokrzyskie山脉”的西部（属于Klonowskie和Mas？owskie山脉的一部分）和Suchedniów高原的南部。研究区域主要被森林和灌木丛社区（48.1％）和农田（39.9％）覆盖，其次是建成区（7.8％），工业区（0.5％），公路和铁路（2.7％）以及地表水体（1％）。该保护区主要在古生界岩石上发育，包括寒武纪和奥陶纪砂岩，志留系和石炭系页岩以及泥盆纪泥灰岩。坡土在土壤中占主导地位。最大的河流包括卢布赞卡，恰纳纳达（Czarna Nida），Bobrza和Belnianka。 PLPA范围内没有天然湖泊，最大的人工水库包括Cedzyna水库，Morawica水库，Suków沙坑和Kielce电厂的两个沉积水库。该地区包括2个自然保护区：Barcza和Sufraganiec。在研究区域的边界内进行调查时，发现了以下两栖动物物种：高山newIchthyosaura alpestris Laur。，大头newTriturus cristatus Laur。，光滑newLissotriton vulgaris L.，欧洲European腹蟾蜍Bombina bombina L.，常见黑脚蟾蜍Pelobates fuscus Laur。，普通蟾蜍Bufo bufo L.，natterjack蟾蜍Epidalea calamita Laur。，欧洲绿蟾蜍Bufotes viridis Laur。，欧洲树蛙Hyla arborea L.，池蛙Pelophylax lessonae Cam。，食用青蛙Pelophylax esculentus L. ，沼泽蛙Pelophylax ridibundus Pall。，沼蛙Rana arvalis Nilss。和普通蛙Rana temporariaL。爬行动物的代表是砂蜥蜴Lacerta agilis L.，胎生蜥蜴Zootoca vivipara Jacquin，慢蠕虫Anguis fragilis L.，草蛇。 natrix L.和欧洲常见加法器Vipera berus L.的研究还包括普通蟾蜍和普通青蛙的物候和繁殖生物学。此处确定的最关键的爬行动物保护问题包括在道路上被车辆杀死的两栖动物。研究区域与非常繁忙的道路相交，尤其是：欧洲路线No. E77，国道号73、74和S74，以及区域道路编号。因此，未来的道路重建项目应考虑组装各种野生动植物横穿道路，尤其是在745号国家公路600米长的路段上。 74 Cedzyna水库附近。其他威胁包括非法废物倾倒，地表水污染，着火，小水体过度生长和干燥。

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