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首页> 外文期刊>Environmental Health: A Global Access Science Source >The burden of chronic mercury intoxication in artisanal small-scale gold mining in Zimbabwe: data availability and preliminary estimates
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The burden of chronic mercury intoxication in artisanal small-scale gold mining in Zimbabwe: data availability and preliminary estimates

机译：津巴布韦手工小规模金矿开采中慢性汞中毒的负担：数据可用性和初步估计

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Background Artisanal small-scale gold mining (ASGM) is a poverty-driven activity practiced in over 70 countries worldwide. Zimbabwe is amongst the top ten countries using large quantities of mercury to extract gold from ore. This analysis was performed to check data availability and derive a preliminary estimate of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) due to mercury use in ASGM in Zimbabwe. Methods Cases of chronic mercury intoxication were identified following an algorithm using mercury-related health effects and mercury in human specimens. The sample prevalence amongst miners and controls (surveyed by the United Nations Industrial Development Organization in 2004 and the University of Munich in 2006) was determined and extrapolated to the entire population of Zimbabwe. Further epidemiological and demographic data were taken from the literature and missing data modeled with DisMod II to quantify DALYs using the methods from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2004 update published by the World Health Organization (WHO). While there was no disability weight (DW) available indicating the relative disease severity of chronic mercury intoxication, the DW of a comparable disease was assigned by following the criteria 1) chronic condition, 2) triggered by a substance, and 3) causing similar health symptoms. Results Miners showed a sample prevalence of 72% while controls showed no cases of chronic mercury intoxication. Data availability is very limited why it was necessary to model data and make assumptions about the number of exposed population, the definition of chronic mercury intoxication, DW, and epidemiology. If these assumptions hold, the extrapolation would result in around 95,400 DALYs in Zimbabwe’s total population in 2004. Conclusions This analysis provides a preliminary quantification of the mercury-related health burden from ASGM based on the limited data available. If the determined assumptions hold, chronic mercury intoxication is likely to have been one of the top 20 hazards for population health in Zimbabwe in 2004 when comparing with more than 130 categories of diseases and injuries quantified in the WHO’s GBD 2004 update. Improving data quality would allow more accurate estimates. However, the results highlight the need to reduce a burden which could be entirely avoided.
机译：背景技术手工小规模采金业（ASGM）是一项由贫困驱动的活动，在全球70多个国家中进行。津巴布韦是使用大量汞从矿石中提取黄金的十大国家之一。进行该分析以检查数据的可用性，并得出津巴布韦ASGM中因使用汞而导致的残疾调整生命年（DALYs）的初步估计。方法采用与汞有关的健康影响和人体标本中的汞的算法，鉴定出慢性汞中毒的病例。确定了矿工和控制人员中的样本流行率（2004年由联合国工业发展组织和2006年慕尼黑大学进行了调查），并将其推断给津巴布韦全体人口。从文献中获得了更多的流行病学和人口统计学数据，并使用了由世界卫生组织（WHO）发布的2004年全球疾病负担（GBD）更新方法，使用DisMod II建模的缺失数据来量化DALY。尽管没有可用的残疾权重（DW）来指示慢性汞中毒的相对疾病严重程度，但可比疾病的DW通过以下标准确定：1）慢性病，2）物质触发和3）导致类似健康症状。结果矿工的样本患病率为72％，而对照组则没有慢性汞中毒的病例。数据的可用性非常有限，为什么必须对数据进行建模并就暴露人群的数量，慢性汞中毒的定义，DW和流行病学做出假设。如果这些假设成立，那么根据外推法，到2004年津巴布韦总人口将有约95,400 DALY。结论结论这项分析根据现有有限数据，对ASGM中与汞有关的健康负担进行了初步量化。如果确定的假设成立，那么与2004年世卫组织GBD更新中所量化的130多种疾病和伤害相比，慢性汞中毒可能是2004年津巴布韦对人口健康的20大危害之一。改善数据质量将允许更准确的估计。但是，结果表明需要减轻负担，而这是可以完全避免的。

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