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The epigenetic legacy of illicit drugs: developmental exposures and late-life phenotypes

机译：非法药物的表观遗传遗产：发育性暴露和后期表型

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The effects of in utero exposure to illicit drugs on adult offspring are a significant and widespread but understudied global health concern, particularly in light of the growing opioid epidemic and emerging therapeutic uses for cannabis, ketamine, and MDMA. Epigenetic mechanisms including DNA methylation, histone modifications, and expression of non-coding RNAs provide a mechanistic link between the prenatal environment and health consequences years beyond the original exposure, and shifts in the epigenome present in early life or adolescence can lead to disease states only appearing during adulthood. The current review summarizes the literature assessing effects of perinatal illicit drug exposure on adult disease phenotypes as mediated by perturbations of the epigenome. Both behavioral and somatic phenotypes are included and studies reporting clinical data in adult offspring, epigenetic readouts in offspring of any age, or both phenotypic and epigenetic measures are prioritized. Studies of licit substances of abuse (i.e. alcohol, nicotine) are excluded with a focus on cannabis, psychostimulants, opioids, and psychedelics; current issues in the field and areas of interest for further investigation are also discussed.
机译：宫内暴露于成年后代对非法药物的影响是一个重大而广泛但尚未得到充分研究的全球健康问题，特别是鉴于阿片类药物流行和大麻，氯胺酮和摇头丸的新兴治疗用途。表观遗传机制包括DNA甲基化，组蛋白修饰和非编码RNA的表达，提供了产前环境与健康后果之间的机械联系，超出了最初的暴露时间，而在早期或青春期出现的表观基因组的变化仅会导致疾病在成年期间出现。当前的综述总结了评估围产期非法药物暴露对表观基因组扰动介导的成人疾病表型的影响的文献。行为表型和体表型都包括在内，并且研究报告了成年后代的临床数据，任何年龄的后代的表观遗传读数，或者表型和表观遗传措施都被优先考虑。排除了对合法滥用物质（即酒精，尼古丁）的研究，重点是大麻，精神刺激药，阿片类药物和迷幻药;还讨论了该领域和感兴趣领域中的当前问题，以供进一步研究。

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