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Consumption: the other side of population for development*

机译：消费：人口的另一边用于发展*

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ABSTRACT: World population is growing at an alarming rate, and thus population has become a major topic in sustainable development fora. In these debates, it is often asserted that developing countries with large populations pose a greater world environmental threat than developed countries with smaller populations. Because of this view, developed countries often appeal to developing countries to reduce their population growth. However, it is well known that developed countries have higher levels of consumption than developing countries and that consumption also exerts pressure on the environment. Although awareness of the importance of consumption for development and the recognition of the relationship between population and consumption are increasing, population still takes precedence over consumption as a major concern for sustainability. Our objective here is to present the importance of consumption vis-à-vis population for development and to discuss their direct linkages. We draw on the work by Vallentyne (1978: Verh Int Verein Limnol 20:1–12; and 1982: Biol Int 5:10–12), and use his ‘demotechnic’ index to combine and inter-relate population and consumption. By doing so, we are able to adjust population by consumption, obtaining estimates that allow fair comparisons of countries in terms of their global environmental stress. The conclusions obtained from the estimates of population adjusted by consumption seriously question the assumption that countries with larger populations pose a greater environmental risk. Sustainable development is premised on a balance between population and consumption within the overall limits imposed by nature. Therefore, it becomes clear that not only population but also consumption have to be reduced if sustainability is to be achieved.
机译：摘要：世界人口正以惊人的速度增长，因此人口已成为可持续发展论坛的主要议题。在这些辩论中，通常认为人口众多的发展中国家比人口较少的发达国家所构成的世界环境威胁更大。基于这种观点，发达国家经常呼吁发展中国家减少其人口增长。但是，众所周知，发达国家的消费水平高于发展中国家，消费也对环境造成压力。尽管人们越来越意识到消费对发展的重要性以及对人口与消费之间关系的认识，但人口仍然优先于消费，这是对可持续性的主要关注。我们在这里的目标是提出消费对人口对发展的重要性，并讨论其直接联系。我们借鉴了Vallentyne的工作（1978：Verh Int Verein Limnol 20：1–12; 1982：Biol Int 5：10-12），并使用他的“ demotechnic”指数来组合人口与消费之间的相互关系。通过这样做，我们能够按消费量调整人口，获得估算值，从而可以就各国在其全球环境压力方面进行公平的比较。根据消费调整后的人口估计数得出的结论严重质疑以下假设：人口较多的国家构成更大的环境风险。可持续发展的前提是人口与消费之间的平衡应在自然界所施加的总体限制之内。因此，很明显，要实现可持续性，不仅必须减少人口，而且必须减少消费。

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