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A nonrandom subset of olfactory genes is associated with host preference in the fruit fly Drosophila orena

机译：嗅觉基因的非随机子集与果蝇果蝇中的宿主偏好相关

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Abstract Specialization onto different host plants has been hypothesized to be a major driver of diversification in insects, and traits controlling olfaction have been shown to play a fundamental role in host preferences. A diverse set of olfactory genes control olfactory traits in insects, and it remains unclear whether specialization onto different hosts is likely to involve a nonrandom subset of these genes. Here, we test the role of olfactory genes in a novel case of specialization in Drosophila orena . We report the first population-level sample of D. orena on the West African island of Bioko, since its initial collection in Cameroon in 1975, and use field experiments and behavioral assays to show that D. orena has evolved a strong preference for waterberry ( Syzygium staudtii ). We then show that a nonrandom subset of genes controlling olfaction-–those controlling odorant-binding and chemosensory proteins–-have an enriched signature of positive selection relative to the rest of the D. orena genome. By comparing signatures of positive selection on olfactory genes between D. orena and its sister species, D. erecta we show that odorant-binding and chemosensory have evidence of positive selection in both species; however, overlap in the specific genes with evidence of selection in these two classes is not greater than expected by chance. Finally, we use quantitative complementation tests to confirm a role for seven olfactory loci in D. orena ’s preference for waterberry fruit. Together, our results suggest that D. orena and D. erecta have specialized onto different host plants through convergent evolution at the level of olfactory gene family, but not at specific olfactory genes.
机译：摘要有人认为，对不同寄主植物的专业化是昆虫多样化的主要驱动力，控制嗅觉的性状已显示出对寄主偏好的重要作用。各种各样的嗅觉基因控制着昆虫的嗅觉特征，目前尚不清楚专门化到不同宿主上是否可能涉及这些基因的非随机子集。在这里，我们测试了嗅觉基因在果蝇专业化的新型案例中的作用。自1975年在喀麦隆首次采集西非岛比奥科岛以来，我们报告了西兰花岛上第一个种群水平的D. orena样本，并通过野外实验和行为分析表明，D。orena对水water已经有了强烈的偏好（蒲桃（Syzygium staudtii）。然后，我们表明控制嗅觉的基因的非随机子集（即控制气味结合和化学感应蛋白的子集）相对于D. orena基因组的其余部分具有丰富的阳性选择特征。通过比较D. orena及其姊妹物种D. erecta在嗅觉基因上的阳性选择特征，我们证明了气味结合和化学感应在这两个物种中都有阳性选择的证据。然而，在这两类中有选择证据的特定基因重叠并不大于偶然。最后，我们使用定量补充测试来确认七个嗅觉基因座在D. orena对Waterberry水果的偏爱中的作用。在一起，我们的结果表明，D。orena和D. erecta通过在嗅觉基因家族水平上的融合进化而专门化到不同的寄主植物上，而不是在特定的嗅觉基因上。

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