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首页> 外文期刊>Evolution Letters >Ancient genomic variation underlies repeated ecological adaptation in young stickleback populations
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Ancient genomic variation underlies repeated ecological adaptation in young stickleback populations

机译：古代基因组变异是年轻背stick种群反复生态适应的基础

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Abstract Adaptation in the wild often involves standing genetic variation (SGV), which allows rapid responses to selection on ecological timescales. However, we still know little about how the evolutionary histories and genomic distributions of SGV influence local adaptation in natural populations. Here, we address this knowledge gap using the threespine stickleback fish ( Gasterosteus aculeatus ) as a model. We extend restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (RAD-seq) to produce phased haplotypes approaching 700 base pairs (bp) in length at each of over 50,000 loci across the stickleback genome. Parallel adaptation in two geographically isolated freshwater pond populations consistently involved fixation of haplotypes that are identical-by-descent. In these same genomic regions, sequence divergence between marine and freshwater stickleback, as measured by dXY , reaches tenfold higher than background levels and genomic variation is structured into distinct marine and freshwater haplogroups. By combining this dataset with a de novo genome assembly of a related species, the ninespine stickleback ( Pungitius pungitius ), we find that this habitat-associated divergent variation averages six million years old, nearly twice the genome-wide average. The genomic variation that is involved in recent and rapid local adaptation in stickleback has therefore been evolving throughout the 15-million-year history since the two species lineages split. This long history of genomic divergence has maintained large genomic regions of ancient ancestry that include multiple chromosomal inversions and extensive linked variation. These discoveries of ancient genetic variation spread broadly across the genome in stickleback demonstrate how selection on ecological timescales is a result of genome evolution over geological timescales, and vice versa .
机译：摘要在野外适应通常涉及站立的遗传变异（SGV），它可以在生态学时标上对选择作出快速反应。但是，我们仍然不了解SGV的进化历史和基因组分布如何影响自然种群中的局部适应性。在这里，我们以三棘刺背鱼（Gasterosteus aculeatus）为模型来解决这一知识鸿沟。我们扩展限制性酶切位点相关的DNA测序（RAD-seq），以在整个棘背基因组的50,000多个基因座上产生接近700个碱基对（bp）的分阶段单倍型。在两个地理上隔离的淡水池塘种群中的平行适应始终涉及到固定相同的单倍型。在这些相同的基因组区域中，用d XY 测量的海洋和淡水fresh回之间的序列差异达到背景水平的十倍，并且基因组变异被构造为不同的海洋和淡水单倍群。通过将此数据集与相关物种的新基因组组装（九柱棘stick背（Pungitius pungitius））相结合，我们发现这种与栖息地相关的差异性变异平均有600万年的历史，几乎是全基因组平均水平的两倍。自从这两个物种谱系分裂以来，在最近的一千五百万年历史中，与棘皮动物最近和快速的局部适应有关的基因组变异一直在发展。基因组差异的悠久历史一直保持着古老的大基因组区域，其中包括多个染色体倒置和广泛的连锁变异。古代遗传变异的这些发现在棘背动物中广泛分布于整个基因组，证明了在生态时标上的选择是基因组在地质时标上进化的结果，反之亦然。

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