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首页> 外文期刊>Eukaryotic cell >Evolution of the Mating Type Locus: Insights Gained from the Dimorphic Primary Fungal Pathogens Histoplasma capsulatum, Coccidioides immitis, and Coccidioides posadasii
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Evolution of the Mating Type Locus: Insights Gained from the Dimorphic Primary Fungal Pathogens Histoplasma capsulatum, Coccidioides immitis, and Coccidioides posadasii

机译：交配型基因座的演变：从二形性原发性真菌病原体荚膜，球虫球菌性炎和球虫球虫获得的见解。

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Sexual reproduction of fungi is governed by the mating type (MAT) locus, a specialized region of the genome encoding key transcriptional regulators that direct regulatory networks to specify cell identity and fate. Knowledge of MAT locus structure and evolution has been considerably advanced in recent years as a result of genomic analyses that enable the definition of MAT locus sequences in many species as well as provide an understanding of the evolutionary plasticity of this unique region of the genome. Here, we extend this analysis to define the mating type locus of three dimorphic primary human fungal pathogens, Histoplasma capsulatum, Coccidioides immitis, and Coccidioides posadasii, using genomic analysis, direct sequencing, and bioinformatics. These studies provide evidence that all three species possess heterothallic bipolar mating type systems, with isolates encoding either a high-mobility-group (HMG) domain or an α-box transcriptional regulator. These genes are intact in all loci examined and have not been subject to loss or decay, providing evidence that the loss of fertility upon passage in H. capsulatum is not attributable to mutations at the MAT locus. These findings also suggest that an extant sexual cycle remains to be defined in both Coccidioides species, in accord with population genetic evidence. Based on these MAT sequences, a facile PCR test was developed that allows the mating type to be rapidly ascertained. Finally, these studies highlight the evolutionary forces shaping the MAT locus, revealing examples in which flanking genes have been inverted or subsumed and incorporated into an expanding MAT locus, allowing us to propose an expanded model for the evolution of the MAT locus in the phylum Ascomycota.
机译：真菌的有性繁殖受交配型（ MAT ）位点控制，这是基因组的特殊区域，编码关键的转录调节子，指导调节网络确定细胞的身份和命运。由于基因组分析的结果，使得 MAT 基因座序列在许多物种中得以定义，并提供了一个了解基因组这一独特区域的进化可塑性。在这里，我们扩展此分析以定义三种双态原代人类真菌病原体荚膜组织胞，球孢子虫炎和球孢子虫的交配类型基因座。 ，使用基因组分析，直接测序和生物信息学。这些研究提供的证据表明，这三个物种均具有异硫双极性交配型系统，其分离物编码高迁移率族（HMG）域或α-box转录调节因子。这些基因在所有检查的基因座中都是完整的，并且未遭受丢失或衰变，从而提供了证据证明在H中传代后繁殖力的丧失。荚膜不能归因于 MAT 位点的突变。这些发现还表明，根据种群遗传学证据，在两个 Coccidioides 物种中仍存在一个现存的性周期。基于这些 MAT 序列，开发了一种简便的PCR测试，可以快速确定交配类型。最后，这些研究强调了形成 MAT 基因座的进化力，揭示了其中侧翼基因已被反向或包含并整合到扩展的 MAT 基因座中的例子，这使我们可以提出子囊门中 MAT 基因座进化的扩展模型。

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