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Molecular mechanisms that regulate hyaluronansynthesis

机译:调节透明质酸合成的分子机制

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Hyaluronan is an ubiquitous glycosaminoglycan found in almost all tissues of the body in vertebrates and in the extracellular capsule of certain pathogenic bacteria. Hyaluronan is biologically active and affects cell migration and proliferation. The amount of hyaluronan in the extracellular matrix increases during inflammation, wound healing and certain forms of cancer. Hyaluronan is synthesized by a membrane-bound enzyme which uses UDP-sugar nucleotides precursors (UDP-glucuronic acid and UDP-N-acetylglucosamine). Three mammalian hyaluronan synthase genes (HAS1, HAS2 and HAS3) have been identified. The encoded proteins share 56-71% sequence similarities. The synthesis of hyaluronan is carefully regulated in a cell specific manner. Certain growth factors and cytokines lead to an increased activity of existing synthase molecules as well as induce the synthesis of new enzyme molecules.
机译:透明质酸是一种遍在的糖胺聚糖,广泛存在于脊椎动物体内的所有组织中以及某些致病菌的细胞外囊中。透明质酸具有生物活性,并影响细胞迁移和增殖。在炎症,伤口愈合和某些形式的癌症期间,细胞外基质中的透明质酸含量增加。透明质酸是由膜结合酶合成的,该酶使用UDP糖核苷酸的前体(UDP-葡萄糖醛酸和UDP-N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖)。已经确定了三个哺乳动物的透明质酸合酶基因(HAS1,HAS2和HAS3)。编码的蛋白质共有56-71%的序列相似性。透明质酸的合成以细胞特异性方式被仔细调节。某些生长因子和细胞因子导致现有合酶分子的活性增加,并诱导新酶分子的合成。

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