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首页> 外文期刊>International Review for Spatial Planning and Sustainable Development >Urban Form, Children’s Active Travel to/from School, and Travel related Physical Activity
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Urban Form, Children’s Active Travel to/from School, and Travel related Physical Activity

机译：城市形态，儿童往返学校的积极旅行以及与旅行有关的体育活动

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Children’s active travel (AT—i.e., walking, bicycling) has declined substantially, especially for independent active travel (IAT). An increasing number of studies have examined walking behaviour of adults to test the new urbanist hypothesis that design features should support pedestrian activity. More neighbourhood adult walking has been reported in new urbanist communities than in conventional suburban neighbourhoods. However, study of children’s AT in new urbanist settings is under-represented. This study investigates the association between neighbourhood design and children’s active school travel (AST) in conventional and new urbanist neighbourhoods. Three types of data collection methods were used: survey, travel diary, and devices (accelerometers and GPS units). 4-5th graders, 367 children in conventional suburban and new urbanist neighbourhoods, participated in the children’s survey. Among 367, 60 wore accelerometers and GPS units for seven consecutive days and recorded a travel diary. Built environment (BE) variables including distance to school, children’s population density, mixed land use, street density, intersection and sidewalk density, and physical activity (PA) locations around the home were measured within a quarter mile buffer of each participant’s home in ArcGIS. Analyses of a further 254 students living within 2 miles from school with opportunities for walking were also conducted. T-test confirmed all BE variables were significantly different between conventional and new urbanist neighbourhoods. New urbanist children engaged in twice the number of days of walking and 5-7 times more days of biking compared to children in conventional neighbourhoods. Maps were interpreted from the perspective of (1) sidewalk network, (2) traffic features, and (3) PA locations around the routes to schools. Results finally suggest the need for further tests of new urbanist design principles in relation to children’s AT to support development of neighbourhood design policies and interventions that may provide health promotion benefits to children.
机译：儿童的主动出行（AT，即步行，骑自行车）已大幅下降，尤其是对于独立主动出行（IAT）。越来越多的研究检查了成年人的步行行为，以检验新的城市主义假设，即设计功能应支持行人活动。据报道，与传统的郊区社区相比，新的城市主义社区的邻里成年人步行更多。但是，在新的城市主义环境下对儿童AT的研究却没有得到足够的重视。这项研究调查了传统和新都市主义社区中邻里设计与儿童活跃学校旅行（AST）之间的关联。使用了三种类型的数据收集方法：调查，旅行日记和设备（加速度计和GPS单位）。 4到5年级的学生（传统郊区和新城市社区的367名儿童）参加了儿童调查。在367个中，有60个连续7天佩戴了加速度计和GPS装置，并记录了旅行日记。建筑环境（BE）变量包括到学校的距离，儿童的人口密度，混合土地使用，街道密度，十字路口和人行道密度以及房屋周围的体育活动（PA）位置，这些位置在ArcGIS中每个参与者房屋的四分之一英里缓冲区内进行测量。还对另外254名生活在距学校2英里之内且有散步机会的学生进行了分析。 T检验证实了所有BE变量在传统和新城市主义社区之间都存在显着差异。与传统社区的儿童相比，新的城市主义儿童的步行天数为两倍，而骑自行车的天数则为5-7倍。从以下方面解释了地图：（1）人行道网络，（2）交通特征和（3）到学校路线周围的公共广播位置。结果最终表明，有必要进一步测试与儿童AT相关的新型城市主义设计原则，以支持制定邻里设计政策和干预措施，从而可能为儿童带来健康促进益处。

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