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Microbiological Study of Yamal Lakes: A Key to Understanding the Evolution of Gas Emission Craters

机译：亚马尔湖微生物学研究：了解气体排放坑口演变的关键

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Although gas emission craters (GECs) are actively investigated, the question of which landforms result from GECs remains open. The evolution of GECs includes the filling of deep hollows with atmospheric precipitation and deposits from their retreating walls, so that the final stage of gas emission crater (GEC) lake development does not differ from that of any other lakes. Microbial activity and diversity may be indicators that make it possible to distinguish GEC lakes from other exogenous lakes. This work aimed at a comparison of the activity and diversity of microbial communities in young GEC lakes and mature background lakes of Central Yamal by using a radiotracer analysis and high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA genes. The radiotracer analysis revealed slow-flowing microbial processes as expected for the cold climate of the study area. GEC lakes differed from background ones by slow rates of anaerobic processes (methanogenesis, sulfate reduction) as well as by a low abundance and diversity of methanogens. Other methane cycle micro-organisms (aerobic and anaerobic methanotrophs) were similar in all studied lakes and represented by Methylobacter and ANME 2d; the rates of methane oxidation were also similar. Actinobacteria , Bacteroidetes , Betaproteobacteria , and Acidobacteria were predominant in both lake types. Thus, GEC lakes may be identified by their scarce methanogenic population.
机译：尽管人们积极地研究了气体排放坑（GEC），但GEC产生哪些地形的问题仍然存在。 GEC的演变包括在深空洞中填充大气污染物并从其后壁沉积物，因此，气体排放火山口（GEC）湖发展的最后阶段与其他任何湖泊都没有不同。微生物活动和多样性可能是使GEC湖泊与其他外源湖泊区分开来的指标。这项工作旨在通过使用放射性示踪剂分析和16S rRNA基因的高通量测序，比较亚马尔中部年轻的GEC湖泊和成熟的背景湖泊中微生物群落的活性和多样性。放射性示踪剂分析显示了研究区域寒冷气候所预期的缓慢流动的微生物过程。 GEC湖泊与背景湖泊的区别在于厌氧过程速度缓慢（甲烷生成，硫酸盐还原）以及产甲烷菌的丰度和多样性较低。在所有研究的湖泊中，其他甲烷循环微生物（好氧和厌氧甲烷菌）都相似，以甲基杆菌和ANME 2d为代表。甲烷氧化速率也相似。放线菌，拟杆菌，β变形杆菌和酸性细菌在两种湖泊中均占主导地位。因此，GEC湖泊可以通过其稀有的产甲烷种群来识别。

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