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首页> 外文期刊>eNeurologicalSci >Prevention, management, and rehabilitation of stroke in low- and middle-income countries
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Prevention, management, and rehabilitation of stroke in low- and middle-income countries

机译：中低收入国家中风的预防，管理和康复

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Although stroke incidence in high-income countries (HICs) decreased over the past four decades, it increased dramatically in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). In this review, we describe the current status of primary prevention, treatment, and management of acute stroke and secondary prevention of and rehabilitation after stroke in LMICs. Although surveillance, screening, and accurate diagnosis are important for stroke prevention, LMICs face challenges in these areas due to lack of resources, awareness, and technical capacity. Maintaining a healthy lifestyle, such as no tobacco use, healthful diet, and physical activity are important strategies for both primary and secondary prevention of stroke. Controlling high blood pressure is also critically important in the general population and in the acute stage of hemorrhagic stroke. Additional primary prevention strategies include community-based education programs, polypill, prevention and management of atrial fibrillation, and digital health technology. For treatment of stroke during the acute stage, specific surgical procedures and medications are recommended, and inpatient stroke care units have been proven to provide high quality care. Patients with a chronic condition like stroke may require lifelong pharmaceutical treatment, lifestyle maintenance and self-management skills, and caregiver and family support, in order to achieve optimal health outcomes. Rehabilitation improves physical, speech, and cognitive functioning of disabled stroke patients. It is expected that home- or community-based services and tele-rehabilitation may hold special promise for stroke patients in LMICs. Highlights ? We described the surveillance, screening, and accurate diagnosis of stroke in LMICs. ? Primary prevention includes healthy lifestyles, BP control, and sodium reduction. ? Intravenous thrombolysis is the approved treatment of stroke during the acute stage. ? Secondary prevention includes pharmaceutical treatment and lifestyle maintenance. ? Rehabilitation improves patients' physical, speech, and cognitive functioning.
机译：尽管高收入国家（HIC）的中风发病率在过去四十年中有所下降，但中低收入国家（LMIC）的中风发病率却急剧上升。在本文中，我们描述了中低收入国家急性卒中的一级预防，治疗和管理以及卒中后二级预防和卒中后康复的现状。尽管监视，筛查和准确诊断对于预防中风很重要，但由于缺乏资源，意识和技术能力，中低收入国家在这些领域面临挑战。保持健康的生活方式，例如不吸烟，健康饮食和进行体育锻炼，对于中风的一级和二级预防都是重要的策略。在普通人群和出血性中风的急性期，控制高血压也至关重要。其他初级预防策略包括基于社区的教育计划，息肉，预防和管理房颤以及数字医疗技术。对于急性期中风的治疗，建议采用特殊的手术程序和药物，并且住院中风监护病房已被证明可以提供高质量的护理。患有中风等慢性疾病的患者可能需要终生药物治疗，生活方式维持和自我管理技能以及护理人员和家庭支持，以实现最佳的健康结果。康复可以改善中风残疾患者的身体，言语和认知功能。预期基于家庭或社区的服务以及远程康复将为中低收入国家的中风患者带来特殊的希望。强调 ？我们描述了中低收入国家对卒中的监测，筛查和准确诊断。 ？一级预防包括健康的生活方式，血压控制和钠减少。 ？静脉溶栓治疗是急性期中风的公认治疗方法。 ？二级预防包括药物治疗和维持生活方式。 ？康复可以改善患者的身体，言语和认知功能。

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