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Assessment of factors affecting fire performance of mattresses: a review

机译：评估影响床垫防火性能的因素：综述

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An in-depth analysis of U.S. residential fire statistics shows that although the total number of fires and deaths due to mattress fires has dropped as a result of several regulatory approaches, the mattress/bedding fires continue to account for one of the largest shares of residential fire deaths and injuries. To address the increasing number of deaths per 1000 mattress/bedding fires, the open flame mattress flammability regulation (16 CFR 1633) was introduced in 2007. The 16 CFR 1633 prescribes performance standards rather than design standards; this allows manufacturers the flexibility to meet the needs of the consumer without sacrificing fire safety. This flammability regulation for residential mattress has generated much interest in understanding the burning behavior of mattresses as well as in developing new materials for mattress construction. To comply with this regulation, it is essential to understand mattress construction, fire performance testing, factors affecting mattress flammability, and compliance solutions. This report reviews the impact of current mattress flammability standards, examines factors affecting mattress flammability, and reviews full-scale and bench-scale test methods that are being developed for mattresses. The construction type, geometry, and size of a mattress are major factors in determining the fire threat of a mattress. The soft materials used in the mattress set, including cushioning materials, fire blocking materials, and tickings, act both individually and collectively to affect the fire performance. The performance of fire barrier materials designed to protect the inner cushioning material from heat and flame is largely dependent on the choice of cushioning material and ticking. When used with an incompatible combination of filling material and ticking, a fire barrier may fail to protect thermal degradation and subsequent burning of filling material. Some of the challenges in designing mattresses have been identified and reported here.
机译：对美国住宅火灾统计数据的深入分析显示，尽管由于多种监管方法导致床垫火灾导致的火灾和死亡总数有所下降，但床垫/床上用品火灾仍是住宅火灾中最大的份额之一火灾造成人员伤亡。为了应对每千个床垫/寝具大火造成的死亡人数的增加，2007年引入了明火床垫易燃性法规（16 CFR 1633）。16CFR 1633规定了性能标准，而不是设计标准。这使制造商可以在不牺牲防火安全性的前提下灵活地满足消费者的需求。家用床垫的这种可燃性规定引起了人们对了解床垫燃烧性能以及开发用于床垫构造的新材料的浓厚兴趣。为了遵守该法规，必须了解床垫的结构，防火性能测试，影响床垫易燃性的因素以及合规性解决方案。该报告回顾了当前床垫易燃性标准的影响，研究了影响床垫易燃性的因素，并回顾了针对床垫开发的全面和台式测试方法。床垫的构造类型，几何形状和尺寸是确定床垫着火威胁的主要因素。床垫套件中使用的柔软材料（包括缓冲材料，阻火材料和滴答声）会单独或共同起作用，以影响防火性能。用于保护内部缓冲材料不受热和火焰影响的防火材料的性能在很大程度上取决于缓冲材料和滴答声的选择。与填充材料和滴答的不兼容组合使用时，防火屏障可能无法保护填充材料的热降解和后续燃烧。在设计床垫时遇到的一些挑战已在此处确定并报告。

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