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The role of isocyanates in fire toxicity

机译：异氰酸酯在火灾中​​的作用

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Isocyanates are a group of low molecular weight, highly reactive compounds with a functional isocyanate group. The main human exposure route is via inhalation of airborne isocyanates, although dermal exposure has also been reported. The inhalation of isocyanates is associated with severely adverse health effects such as asthma, inflammation in the respiratory tract and cancer. During thermal degradation of polyurethane materials, airborne isocyanates can be sampled in the fire effluent. This paper discusses the reactivity and commercial applications of isocyanates and the generation of airborne isocyanates during thermal degradation, the human health effects as well as the environmental fate of some of the most commercially important isocyanates. This is followed by a review of the generation of isocyanates from large-scale fire testing and bench-scale test methods as well as sampling techniques and derivatisation agents necessary to stabilise the isocyanates and analysis.
机译：异氰酸酯是一组具有官能异氰酸酯基团的低分子量，高反应性化合物。人类的主要接触途径是通过吸入空气中的异氰酸酯，尽管也有皮肤接触的报道。吸入异氰酸酯会严重危害健康，例如哮喘，呼吸道炎症和癌症。在聚氨酯材料的热降解过程中，空气中的异氰酸酯可能会在着火废水中取样。本文讨论了异氰酸酯的反应性和商业应用以及热降解过程中空气中异氰酸酯的产生，对人类健康的影响以及一些最重要的商业上重要的异氰酸酯的环境命运。接下来是对大规模耐火试验和实验室规模试验方法以及稳定异氰酸酯和分析所必需的采样技术和衍生剂的异氰酸酯生成的综述。

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