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Sociological implications of scientific publishing: Open access, science, society, democracy and the digital divide

机译：科学出版的社会学意义：开放获取，科学，社会，民主与数字鸿沟

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Claims for Open Access are mostly underpinned with a) science-related arguments (Open Access accelerates scientific communication)b) financial arguments (Open Access relieves the serials crisis), c) social arguments (Open Access reduces the Digital Divide), d) democracy-related arguments (Open Access facilitates participation)e) and socio-political arguments (Open Access levels disparities).Using sociological concepts and notions, this article analyses some of the assumptions mentioned above. It focuses strongly on Pierre Bourdieu's theory of (scientific) capital and its implications for the acceptance of Open Access, on Michel Foucault's discourse analysis and on the implications of Open Access for the concept of the Digital Divide. Bourdieu's theory of capital implies that the acceptance of Open Access depends on the logic of power and the accumulation of scientific capital. It does not depend on slogans derived from hagiographic self-perceptions of science (e.g. the acceleration of scientific communication) and scientists (e.g. their will to share their information freely). According to Bourdieu's theory, it is crucial for Open Access (and associated concepts like alternative impact metrics) how scientists perceive its potential influence on existing processes of capital accumulation and how Open Access will affect their demand for distinction. Concerning the Digital Divide concept, Foucault's discourse analysis suggests that Open Access may intensify disparities, scientocentrisms and ethnocentrisms. Additionally, several concepts from the philosophy of sciences (Karl Raimund Popper, Samuel Kuhn, Paul Feyerabend) and their implicit connection to the concept of Open Access are described in this paper.
机译：对开放获取的主张主要基于以下方面：a）与科学有关的论点（开放获取促进科学交流）b）财务论点（开放获取减轻系列危机），c）社会争论（开放获取减少数字鸿沟），d）民主有关的论点（开放获取有助于参与）e）和社会政治论点（开放获取层次上的差距）。本文使用社会学概念和概念分析了上面提到的一些假设。它重点关注Pierre Bourdieu的（科学）资本理论及其对接受开放获取的含义，米歇尔·福柯的话语分析以及开放获取对数字鸿沟概念的影响。布迪厄的资本理论意味着对开放获取的接受取决于权力的逻辑和科学资本的积累。它不依赖于对医学的全息自我看法（例如加速科学交流）和科学家（例如他们自由共享信息的意愿）得出的口号。根据布迪厄（Bourdieu）的理论，对于科学家来说，科学家如何感知其对现有资本积累过程的潜在影响，以及开放获取将如何影响他们的区分需求，对于开放获取（以及相关概念，如替代影响度量）至关重要。关于数字鸿沟的概念，福柯的话语分析表明，开放获取可能加剧差距，科学中心主义和民族中心主义。此外，本文还介绍了科学哲学中的几个概念（Karl Raimund Popper，Samuel Kuhn，Paul Feyerabend）及其与开放访问概念的隐式联系。

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