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Speedism, boxism and markism: Three ideologies of the Internet

机译：速度主义，Boxism和Markism：互联网的三种意识形态

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The Internet is one of man’s greatest inventions. As all transformative technologies, it leaves a stamp on society, social action and values. This is actually a case of the Internet and society mutually constructing each other. Therefore, as the Internet is in constant transformation, social values rebound and impact on further development. This paper is concerned with systems of values grouped around core ideas, here described as ideologies, which continuously renegotiates the development of the Internet. Three basic ideas are identified as underpinning the development of the packet switching system during the 1960s. It is argued that the historical development of the ARPANET, the Internet and the World Wide Web, as well as current developments, are all variations of these three ideas: the distributed network, the envelope and the identifier. It is maintained that these are translated into value systems, ideologies, held by different social groups. These three ideologies are conceptualised as speedism, boxism and markism. These are discussed in relation to various trends in past and current development of the Internet. This paper is also concerned with concepts articulated by Jonathan Zittrain in his book The future of the Internet and how to stop it (2008), in particular the generative Internet and tethered appliances .
机译：互联网是人类最伟大的发明之一。作为所有变革性技术，它给社会，社会行动和价值观留下了印记。实际上，这是互联网与社会相互构建的一个例子。因此，随着互联网的不断变革，社会价值观不断反弹，并影响了其进一步发展。本文关注的是围绕核心思想（这里称为意识形态）分组的价值体系，这些思想体系不断地重新协商互联网的发展。确定了三个基本思想，这些思想支撑了1960年代分组交换系统的发展。有人认为，ARPANET，Internet和万维网的历史发展以及当前的发展，都是这三种思想的变体：分布式网络，信封和标识符。坚持将它们转化为不同社会团体所拥有的价值体系，意识形态。这三个意识形态被概念化为速度主义，Boxism和Markism。讨论了有关Internet过去和当前发展的各种趋势。本文还涉及乔纳森·齐特雷恩（Jonathan Zittrain）在其著作《互联网的未来以及如何阻止互联网》（2008年）中阐述的概念，特别是生成性的互联网和联网设备。

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