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Revealing Facts and Avoiding Biases: A Review of Several Common Problems in Statistical Analyses of Epidemiological Data

机译:揭示事实和避免偏见:流行病学数据统计分析中的几个常见问题的回顾

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This paper reviews several common challenges encountered in statistical analyses of epidemiological data for epidemiologists. We focus on the application of linear regression, multivariate logistic regression, and log-linear modeling to epidemiological data. Specific topics include: (a) deletion of outliers, (b) heteroscedasticity in linear regression, (c) limitations of principal component analysis in dimension reduction, (d) hazard ratio vs. odds ratio in a rate comparison analysis, (e) log-linear models with multiple response data, and (f) ordinal logistic vs. multinomial logistic models. As a general rule, a thorough examination of a model’s assumptions against both current data and prior research should precede its use in estimating effects.
机译:本文回顾了流行病学数据的流行病学统计分析中遇到的几个常见挑战。我们专注于将线性回归,多元逻辑回归和对数线性建模应用于流行病学数据。具体主题包括:(a)异常值的删除,(b)线性回归中的异方差,(c)主成分分析在降维中的局限性,(d)比率比较分析中的风险比与比值比,(e)对数具有多个响应数据的线性模型,以及(f)顺序逻辑与多项式逻辑模型。一般而言,应先将模型的假设与当前数据及先前研究进行比较,然后再使用模型评估效果。

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