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首页> 外文期刊>Frontiers in Public Health >Building Infectious Disease Research Programs to Promote Security and Enhance Collaborations with Countries of the Former Soviet Union
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Building Infectious Disease Research Programs to Promote Security and Enhance Collaborations with Countries of the Former Soviet Union

机译：建立传染病研究计划，以增进安全并加强与前苏联国家的合作

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Addressing the threat of infectious diseases, whether natural, the results of a laboratory accident, or a deliberate act of bioterrorism, requires no corner of the world be ignored. The mobility of infectious agents and their rapid adaptability, whether to climate change or socioeconomic drivers or both, demand the science employed to understand these processes be advanced and tailored to a country or a region, but with a global vision. In many parts of the world, largely because of economic struggles, scientific capacity has not kept pace with the need to accomplish this goal and has left these regions and hence the world vulnerable to infectious disease outbreaks. To build scientific capability in a developing region requires cooperation and participation of experienced international scientists who understand the issues and are committed to educate the next generations of young investigators in the region. These efforts need to be coupled with the understanding and resolve of local governments and international agencies to promote an aggressive science agenda. International collaborative scientific investigation of infectious diseases not only adds significantly to scientific knowledge, but it promotes health security, international trust, and long-term economic benefit to the region involved. This premise is based on the observation that the most powerful human inspiration is that which brings peoples together to work on and solve important global challenges. The republics of the former Soviet Union provide a valuable case study for the need to rebuild scientific capacity as they are located at the crossroads where many of the world’s great epidemics began. The scientific infrastructure and disease surveillance capabilities of the region suffered significant decline after the breakup of the Soviet Union. The U.S. Cooperative Threat Reduction (CTR) Program, a part of the U.S. Department of Defense, together with partner countries, have worked diligently to improve the capabilities in this region to guard against the potential future risk from especially dangerous pathogens. The dissolution of the Soviet Union left behind many scientists still working to study pathogens using antiquated protocols in unsafe laboratories. To address this situation, the CTR program began improving laboratory infrastructure, establishing biosafety and biosecurity programs, and training scientists in modern techniques, with emphasis on biosurveillance and safe containment of especially dangerous pathogens. In the Republic of Georgia, this effort culminated in the construction of a modern containment laboratory, the Richard G. Lugar Center for Public Health Research in Tbilisi to house both isolated especially dangerous pathogens as well as the research to be conducted on these agents. The need now is to utilize and sustain the investment made by CTR by establishing strong public and animal health science programs in these facilities tailored to the needs of the region and the goals for which this investment was made. A similar effort is ongoing in other former Soviet Republics. Here, we provide the analysis and recommendations of an international panel of expert scientists appointed by the Cooperative Biological Engagement Program of the Defense Threat Reduction Agency to provide advice to the stakeholders on the scientific path for the future. The emphasis is on an implementation strategy for decision makers and scientists to consider providing a sustainable biological science program in support of the One Health initiative. Opportunities, potential barriers, and lessons learned while meeting the needs of the Republic of Georgia and the Caucasus region are discussed. It is hoped that this effort will serve as a model for similar scientific needs in not only the former Soviet Union republics but also other regions challenged by infectious diseases where the CTR program operates.
机译：解决传染病的威胁，无论是自然的，实验室事故的结果还是蓄意的生物恐怖主义行为，都不应忽视世界的任何角落。无论是气候变化还是社会经济驱动因素，或两者兼而有之，传染源的流动性及其快速适应性都要求采用先进的技术来理解这些过程，并针对一个国家或地区进行定制，但要具有全球视野。在世界许多地方，很大程度上是由于经济困难，科学能力未能与实现这一目标的需要保持同步，并已使这些地区和世界因此容易受到传染病暴发的影响。为了在发展中地区建立科学能力，需要经验丰富的国际科学家的合作和参与，这些科学家必须了解问题并致力于教育该地区的下一代年轻研究人员。这些努力需要与地方政府和国际机构的理解和决心相结合，以促进积极的科学议程。传染病的国际合作科学调查不仅大大增加了科学知识，而且还促进了所涉地区的卫生安全，国际信任和长期经济利益。这个前提是基于这样的观察，即人类最有力的灵感是使人们团结起来共同努力和解决重要的全球挑战的灵感。前苏联共和国正处于世界许多伟大流行病开始的十字路口，它们对于重建科学能力的需求提供了宝贵的案例研究。苏联解体后，该地区的科学基础设施和疾病监测能力大幅下降。作为美国国防部一部分的美国合作减少威胁（CTR）计划与合作伙伴国家共同努力提高了该地区的能力，以防范未来特别危险的病原体带来的潜在风险。苏联解散后，许多科学家仍在不安全的实验室中使用过时的方案研究病原体。为了解决这种情况，CTR计划开始改善实验室基础设施，建立生物安全和生物安全计划，并对科学家进行现代技术培训，重点是生物监视和特别危险病原体的安全控制。在佐治亚共和国，这项努力最终导致在第比利斯建立了一个现代化的遏制实验室，即理查德·卢格·卢加尔公共卫生研究中心，以容纳分离出的特别危险的病原体以及将对这些病原体进行的研究。现在的需要是，通过在这些设施中建立强大的公共和动物健康科学计划，以利用和维持CTR的投资，这些计划针对该地区的需求和投资目标而定。其他前苏联共和国也正在进行类似的努力。在这里，我们提供由国防威胁减少局合作生物参与计划任命的国际专家科学家小组的分析和建议，以就未来的科学道路向利益相关者提供建议。重点是决策者和科学家考虑为支持“一个健康”计划提供可持续的生物科学计划的实施策略。讨论了在满足格鲁吉亚共和国和高加索地区需求的同时提供的机会，潜在障碍和经验教训。希望这项工作不仅可以在前苏联共和国，而且可以在CTR计划实施地区受到传染病挑战的其他地区，作为满足类似科学需求的典范。

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