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首页> 外文期刊>Frontiers in Public Health >Perspectives on Underlying Factors for Unhealthy Diet and Sedentary Lifestyle of Adolescents at a Kenyan Coastal Setting
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Perspectives on Underlying Factors for Unhealthy Diet and Sedentary Lifestyle of Adolescents at a Kenyan Coastal Setting

机译：肯尼亚沿海地区青少年不健康饮食和久坐生活方式的基本因素透视

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Unhealthy diet and physical inactivity are among the key modifiable risk factors for non-communicable diseases, such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Although such diseases often only appear in adulthood, these behaviors are typically initiated or reinforced already during adolescence. However, knowledge on underlying factors for adolescents’ unhealthy dieting and physical inactivity in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is poor. We conducted in-depth interviews and focus group discussions to explore the perceptions of a diverse group of 78 young people of 10–19 years of age, which also included some adolescents living with HIV, as this is an emerging group in the HIV/AIDS epidemic in many parts of SSA. In addition, 10 stakeholders, such as teachers, clinicians, and staff from organizations at the Kenyan coast and seven young adult community representatives informed us on: (a) adolescents’ unhealthy food choices and their forms of sedentary behavior; (b) predisposing factors; and (c) protective factors against unhealthy food choices and sedentary behavior of adolescents living in Kilifi County. The findings reveal that adolescents occasionally access nutritious foods, such as fruits, vegetables, and animal protein. However, there is a growing tendency to consume unbalanced diets with high intake of carbohydrates, oily foods, and consumption of sugar dense processed foods and drinks. Sports and domestic chores were found to be major sources of physical activity. Sedentary lifestyles characterized by a long-time sitting and chatting, watching sports games and movies were described. Adolescents living with HIV did not indicate any divergent perceptions from those of other adolescents relating to diet and physical activity, but mentioned health-related conditions, such as medication, asthma, and low body weight, as a risk factors for sedentary lifestyle. Using a Socio-Ecological model, our findings suggest that risk factors are numerous and interrelated, especially at intrapersonal, interpersonal, and community level. The negative influences at an intrapersonal level were as follows: body image concerns, attitudes and misconceptions, substance use behavior, and taste for unhealthy foods. In the interpersonal domain, household poverty and parenting practices that condone unhealthy habits were identified risk factors. Availability of affordable unhealthy foods, high prices for nutritious food, farming practices, gambling, and influx of transportation alternatives in the community were interrelated but also had relationships with intrapersonal and interpersonal risk factors. Modernization and poor implementation of policies were discussed as enabling factors especially by stakeholders from a societal perspective. Seasonality and farming practices, school attendance, community-based services, and regulations mitigating adolescents’ engagement in gambling were identified as potential protective factors. Our findings provide a unique qualitative insight of the factors underlying adolescents’ dietary and sedentary lifestyle and highlight the need for ecological intervention approaches to address these forms of health risk behavior in a rural African setting.
机译：不健康的饮食习惯和缺乏运动是非传染性疾病（例如糖尿病和心血管疾病）的主要可改变危险因素。尽管此类疾病通常仅在成年期出现，但这些行为通常在青春期就已经开始或加强。但是，关于撒哈拉以南非洲地区青少年饮食不健康和缺乏运动的根本因素的知识很少。我们进行了深入的采访和焦点小组讨论，以探索对78名10至19岁年龄段的年轻人的看法，其中还包括一些感染艾滋病毒的青少年，因为这是艾滋病毒/艾滋病中的新兴人群SSA的许多地方都流行。此外，肯尼亚海岸沿岸组织的10位利益相关者，例如教师，临床医生和工作人员，以及7位年轻的成人社区代表向我们通报了：（a）青少年的不健康食物选择及其久坐行为的形式; （b）诱发因素; （c）防止生活在基利菲县的青少年选择不健康食品和久坐行为的保护因素。研究结果表明，青少年偶尔会食用营养食品，例如水果，蔬菜和动物蛋白。然而，越来越多的人倾向于食用不均衡的饮食，其中碳水化合物，油性食物的摄入量很高，糖类加工食品和饮料的摄入量也很高。人们发现体育和家务是体育锻炼的主要来源。描述了久坐，聊天，看体育比赛和看电影的久坐生活方式。感染艾滋病毒的青少年并未表示出与其他青少年在饮食和身体活动方面的分歧，而是提到与健康有关的状况，例如药物，哮喘和低体重，是久坐生活方式的危险因素。使用社会生态模型，我们的发现表明，危险因素众多且相互关联，尤其是在人际，人际和社区层面。在个人内部的负面影响如下：身体形象问题，态度和误解，药物使用行为以及不健康食品的味道。在人际关系领域，宽恕了不健康习惯的家庭贫困和育儿习惯被确定为危险因素。负担得起的不健康食品的供应，营养食品的高价格，耕作方式，赌博以及社区中替代运输方式的涌入是相互关联的，但也与人际和人际关系的危险因素有关。尤其是利益相关者从社会角度讨论了现代化和政策执行不力是促成因素。季节性和耕作习惯，上学率，社区服务以及减轻青少年参与赌博行为的法规被确定为潜在的保护因素。我们的发现为青少年饮食和久坐的生活方式提供了独特的定性见解，并强调了需要采取生态干预措施来解决非洲农村地区这些形式的健康风险行为。

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