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Cancer Immunoprevention and Public Health

机译：癌症免疫预防与公共卫生

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The power of cancer immune surveillance has been documented beyond doubt, and the successful exploitation of immune response to cancer has started a new era in the war against cancer. Cancer biologists have recognized immunoevasion as an emerging hallmark in addition to the six hallmarks of cancer. Besides the natural connection between the immune system and cancer development, most established environmental risk factors are now known to interfere with immune surveillance mechanisms. Genetic variations regulating immunity may also modulate cancer susceptibility, but evidence for this is currently limited. Molecular cross talk linking “immune” and “genomic” surveillance pathways has been characterized. It appears that immune mechanisms may contribute to the effects of common cancer risk factors. We provide an updated overview of evidence for cancer immune surveillance, cancer risk factors interfering with it, and interventions to enhance cancer immune surveillance as tools to complement ongoing vaccine development efforts for cancer immunoprevention. Although there is a lot of support for cancer immunoprevention with simple lifestyle modifications from observational studies, there is an urgent need for clinical trials to establish the effectiveness of this approach for public health benefits.
机译：毫无疑问，已经证明了癌症免疫监视的力量，并且成功利用了对癌症的免疫反应，已经开始了抗癌战争的新纪元。癌症生物学家已经认识到免疫逃避是癌症的六个标志，也是新兴的标志。除了免疫系统与癌症发展之间的天然联系外，目前已知大多数已建立的环境危险因素也会干扰免疫监视机制。调节免疫力的遗传变异也可能调节癌症的易感性，但是目前对此的证据有限。连接“免疫”和“基因组”监视途径的分子串扰已经被表征。似乎免疫机制可能有助于常见癌症危险因素的影响。我们提供了有关癌症免疫监控，干扰癌症的危险因素以及增强癌症免疫监控的干预措施的最新证据概述，这些手段可以补充正在进行的疫苗开发，以预防癌症免疫。尽管从观察性研究中通过简单的生活方式改变，就为癌症免疫预防提供了很多支持，但迫切需要进行临床试验，以建立这种方法对公共健康有益的效果。

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