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Self-Rated Health and Public Health: A Critical Perspective

机译：自评健康与公共卫生：批判性视角

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Self-rated health (SRH) is a simple, easy to administer measure of general health. It is a valid and reliable measure among those without cognitive impairment. Initially, it replaced clinical assessments in survey research (1). It is commonly used in psychological research, clinical settings, and in general population surveys. SRH is typically measured as a single-item, the most common wording of which is “In general, would you say your health is” with the response items “excellent,” “very good,” “good,” “fair,” or “poor.” Early studies using SRH involved assessing the relationship between SRH with sociodemographic, physical health, and psychosocial variables (e.g., 2, 3). Additional uses of SRH involved investigating relationships between health constructs, sociodemographic, physical, and psychosocial variables, clarifying measurement issues, attempting to explain health and illness behavior, or describing populations’ health (e.g., 2–4). SRH was found to be at least moderately associated with physicians’ assessments of health (2, 4–8). SRH allows respondents to prioritize and evaluate different aspects of their health, maximizing the measure’s sensitivity to respondent views of health (9). SRH’s somewhat abstract nature also affords researchers the opportunity to examine the cognitive processes involved in evaluating self-health (9). A significant, independent effect of SRH on mortality has been demonstrated in numerous studies and diverse populations (10–12). Other health outcomes including chronic disease incidence, diabetes complications, physical and cognitive functional limitations, health services use, and clinical biomarkers have also been investigated (13–20). A large body of literature concerning SRH, its determinants, and its outcomes has accumulated from studies conducted throughout the world.
机译：自评健康（SRH）是一种简单易行的总体健康衡量指标。对于没有认知障碍的患者，这是一种有效而可靠的措施。最初，它取代了调查研究中的临床评估（1）。它通常用于心理研究，临床环境和一般人群调查中。 SRH通常是单项测量的，最常用的措词是“一般来说，您说您的健康状况是”，其回答项目为“优秀”，“非常好”，“好”，“一般”或“较差的。”早期使用SRH的研究涉及评估SRH与社会人口统计学，身体健康和社会心理变量之间的关系（例如2、3）。 SRH的其他用途包括调查健康结构，社会人口统计学，身体和心理社会变量之间的关系，澄清度量问题，试图解释健康和疾病行为或描述人群的健康状况（例如2-4）。发现SRH与医生的健康评估至少有中等程度的关联（2，4–8）。 SRH可让受访者对健康的各个方面进行优先排序和评估，从而最大程度地提高该指标对受访者健康观点的敏感性（9）。 SRH的抽象性质也为研究人员提供了机会来检查评估自我健康的认知过程（9）。在众多研究和不同人群中，SRH对死亡率具有显着的独立影响（10-12）。还研究了其他健康结局，包括慢性疾病的发病率，糖尿病并发症，身体和认知功能的局限性，卫生服务的使用以及临床生物标志物（13-20）。有关SRH，其决定因素及其结果的大量文献是在全世界进行的研究中积累的。

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