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Lipids of Prokaryotic Origin at the Base of Marine Food Webs

机译：海洋食物网基础上的原核脂质

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In particular niches of the marine environment, such as abyssal trenches, icy waters and hot vents, the base of the food web is composed of bacteria and archaea that have developed strategies to survive and thrive under the most extreme conditions. Some of these organisms are considered “extremophiles” and modulate the fatty acid composition of their phospholipids to maintain the adequate fluidity of the cellular membrane under cold/hot temperatures, elevated pressure, high/low salinity and pH. Bacterial cells are even able to produce polyunsaturated fatty acids, contrarily to what was considered until the 1990s, helping the regulation of the membrane fluidity triggered by temperature and pressure and providing protection from oxidative stress. In marine ecosystems, bacteria may either act as a sink of carbon, contribute to nutrient recycling to photo-autotrophs or bacterial organic matter may be transferred to other trophic links in aquatic food webs. The present work aims to provide a comprehensive review on lipid production in bacteria and archaea and to discuss how their lipids, of both heterotrophic and chemoautotrophic origin, contribute to marine food webs.
机译：特别是海洋环境的利基，例如深渊海沟，冰冷的水域和热气孔，食物网的底部由细菌和古细菌组成，它们已制定出在最极端条件下生存和繁衍的策略。这些生物中的某些被认为是“极端微生物”，它们调节其磷脂的脂肪酸组成，以在冷/热温度，高压，高/低盐度和pH值下保持细胞膜的足够流动性。细菌细胞甚至能够产生多不饱和脂肪酸，这与1990年代之前所考虑的相反，有助于调节温度和压力触发的膜流动性并提供抗氧化应激的保护。在海洋生态系统中，细菌可能充当碳的汇，促进养分循环到光养自养生物，或者细菌有机物可能转移到水生食物网中的其他营养环节。本工作旨在提供有关细菌和古细菌中脂质产生的全面综述，并讨论其异养和化学自养来源的脂质如何促进海洋食物网。

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