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首页> 外文期刊>Marine ecology >Sponge waste that fuels marine oligotrophic food webs: a re-assessment of its origin and nature
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Sponge waste that fuels marine oligotrophic food webs: a re-assessment of its origin and nature

机译：海绵海绵为海洋贫营养食物网提供燃料：对其来源和性质的重新评估

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It has recently been realized that sponges take up much of the dissolved organic matter (DOM) available in the water of reefs. The energy derived from this DOM is suggested to be invested in renewing the sponge filter cells (choanocytes) every few hours, generating an outflow of detrital particulate organic matter (POM) that is rapidly ingested by other invertebrates. By this DOM-to-POM recycling, sponges are proposed to fuel the food web of oligotrophic marine communities, including reefs, caves and deep-sea environments. In four species studied herein by electron microscopy, the POM found in the outgoing aquiferous canals had a complex composition, with large between-species differences. It may include choanocytes (0–52%), and also mesohyl cells, such as archeocytes (9–20%) and spherulous, and granular cells with inclusions (27–90%). Exocytosed vesicles also occurred. Surprisingly, to end up into the outgoing canals, the internal mesohyl cells squeezed between the epithelial cells (endopinacocytes) of the canal wall. Mesohyl cells were also able to transfer their inclusions to the endopinacocytes, which in turn extruded their acquired vesicle loads into the canal lumen. The unanticipated abundant participation of mesohyl cells and endopinacocytes in the production of POM appears to be an ordinary process that occurs continuously in the sponges, mostly related to elimination of digestion leftovers and excretion by-products. Therefore, POM is generated by sponges irrespective of whether the primary food source is particulate (evidence from this study) or DOM (previous literature). Altogether, these results indicate that the cellular mechanisms behind the relevant organic-matter recycling carried out by sponges are more diverse than initially anticipated. The varying ratios of choanocytes/mesohyl cells in the POM across species suggest that different sponge species may impact differently the energetics of food webs of the respective oligotrophic habitats where they dominate.
机译：最近已经认识到，海绵吸收了礁石水中可用的大部分溶解有机物（DOM）。建议从该DOM中获取能量，每隔几个小时就更新一次海绵过滤器细胞（软骨细胞），从而产生碎屑颗粒有机物（POM）流出，并被其他无脊椎动物迅速吸收。通过这种从DOM到POM的回收，建议使用海绵来为贫营养的海洋生物（包括礁石，洞穴和深海环境）提供食物。在本文中通过电子显微镜研究的四个物种中，在流出的含水渠道中发现的POM具有复杂的组成，种间差异很大。它可能包括软骨细胞（0–52％），以及中卵细胞，例如原始细胞（9–20％）和球形，以及带有内含物的颗粒细胞（27–90％）。还发生了胞吐小泡。出乎意料的是，为了最终进入流出的运河，内部中膜细胞被挤在了运河壁的上皮细胞（内皮糖细胞）之间。 Mesohyl细胞还能够将其内含物转移至内膜吞噬细胞，后者继而将其获得的囊泡负荷挤出到管腔内。中膜酰基细胞和内膜吞噬细胞在POM产生中的出乎意料的大量参与似乎是海绵中连续发生的普通过程，主要与消除消化残余物和排泄副产物有关。因此，无论主要食物来源是颗粒（本研究的证据）还是DOM（先前的文献），海绵均会产生POM。总而言之，这些结果表明，由海绵进行的相关有机物回收背后的细胞机制比最初预期的要多样化。物种间POM中的软骨细胞/中甲酰基细胞比率的变化表明，不同的海绵物种可能以不同的方式影响它们各自占优势的贫营养生境的食物网能量。

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