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Importance of Early Detection of Potentially Malignant Lesions in the Prevention of Oral Cancer -

机译：早期发现潜在恶性病变对预防口腔癌的重要性-

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Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the importance of early diagnosis of potentially malignant lesions in the prevention of oral cancer. Material and methods: In order to achieve the set objectives, we selected our participant pool. Of the 340 patients who came to the initial examination at the Clinic for Oral Medicine and Periodontology, we selected 40 patients with potentially malignant oral lesions (PMOL) of both sexes and of different ages. After an extensive anamnesis and a clinical examination of all mucous membranes, we documented potentially malignant lesions, their localization, subjective and objective symptoms, duration of pathological lesion, and bad habits (smoking and alcohol). All lesions were colored with Toluidine blue, which indicates malignancy in 75% of cases. Patients who had a positive Toluidine blue staining test were sent to biopsy and pathohistological analysis. Results: The most common potentially malignant lesions are Lichen reticularis (25%), Lichen erosivus (20%), and Leukoplakia (15%). The most common localization of lesions is the buccal mucosa bilaterally (26%), buccal mucosa unilaterally (10%), and the lower lip (10%). The staining test with Toluidine blue was positive at 23% PMOLs. In patients with positive Toluidine staining findings, biopsy and pathohistological analysis were performed, which showed that 20% of all lesions are carcinoma (CIS, Baseocellular Carcinoma, Squamocellular Carcinoma), while 14% are mucosal epithelial dysplasia. Statistical analysis confirmed the significance of positive staining of Toluidine blue and Leukoplakia (Spearman’s coefficient = 0.427, p = 0.006, N = 40), and statistically significant positive association of Squamocellular Carcinoma and Toluidine blue staining (Spearman’s coefficient = 0.619, p = 0.000, N = 40). Conclusion: Most oral cancers are caused by potentially malignant lesions, which is why a very detailed clinical examination with the visualization of pathological lesions is very important. Toluidine blue test can be an auxiliary tool for clinical diagnosis but does not replace the pathohistological finding. Biopsy and pathohistological findings are the gold standard in the diagnosis of oral cancers, as confirmed in our research.
机译：目的：本研究的目的是评估早期诊断潜在恶性病变对预防口腔癌的重要性。材料和方法：为了实现既定目标，我们选择了参与者库。在340例口腔医学和牙周病诊所接受初诊的患者中，我们选择了40例具有性别和不同年龄的潜在恶性口腔病变（PMOL）的患者。经过广泛的记忆检查和对所有粘膜的临床检查，我们记录了潜在的恶性病变，它们的定位，主观和客观症状，病变的持续时间以及不良习惯（吸烟和酗酒）。所有病灶均涂有甲苯胺蓝，表明75％的病例为恶性肿瘤。甲苯胺蓝染色试验阳性的患者应接受活检和病理组织学分析。结果：最常见的潜在恶性病变是网状地衣（25％），苔藓性苔藓（20％）和白斑（15％）。最常见的病变部位是双侧颊粘膜（26％），单侧颊粘膜（10％）和下唇（10％）。甲苯胺蓝的染色试验在23％PMOLs时呈阳性。对甲苯胺染色阳性的患者进行活检和病理组织学分析，结果显示所有病变中有20％为癌（CIS，基底细胞癌，鳞状细胞癌），而14％为粘膜上皮异常增生。统计分析证实了甲苯胺蓝和白斑的阳性染色的重要性（Spearman系数= 0.427，p = 0.006，N = 40），并且鳞状细胞癌和甲苯胺蓝染色具有统计学意义的正相关性（Spearman系数= 0.619， p = 0.000，N = 40）。结论：大多数口腔癌是由潜在的恶性病变引起的，这就是为什么对具有病理性病变的影像进行非常详细的临床检查非常重要。甲苯胺蓝试验可以作为临床诊断的辅助工具，但不能代替病理组织学发现。正如我们的研究所证实的，活检和病理组织学发现是诊断口腔癌的金标准。

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