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Perinatal supplementation of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, immune response and adult diseases

机译：围产期补充长链多不饱和脂肪酸，免疫反应和成人疾病

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Both w-6 and w-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs) modulateTH1 and TH2 cell generation, their cytokine production, and cell proliferation and thus may serve as endogenous anti-inflammatory molecules. LCPUFAs suppress the production of tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a) (and so also of OX40, since it belongs to the family of TNFR) and the expression of Bcl-2, suggesting that these fatty acids have the ability to prevent/suppress autoimmune diseases. Human breast milk contains substantial amounts of both w-3 and w-6 fatty acids. This indicates that LCPUFAs present in human breast milk suppress the levels of OX40 and decrease the expression of Bcl-xL and Bcl-2 on exposure to self-antigens and thus, protects against the development of autoimmune diseases in later life. In view of this, I propose that supplementation of appropriate amounts of LCPUFAs during perinatal period protects against atopy, asthma, auto-immune diseases, type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, coronary heart disease, metabolic syndrome X, lymphomas, leukemias and other cancers, schizophrenia, depression and other adult diseases in which low-grade systemic inflammation plays a significant role. It is also likely that perinatal supplementation of LCPUFAs in adequate amounts modulates the expression of genes concerned with immune response, angiogenesis, central osmo/sodium and glucose sensors etc. This renders various tissues and organs including T cells and macrophages, endothelial cells, hypothalamic neurons, and various cardiovascular tissues to be able to counteract the pathological mechanisms that tend to induce various adult diseases by blunting the inflammatory responses in those who received adequate amounts of LCPUFAs during the perinatal period compared to those who did not.
机译：w-6和w-3长链多不饱和脂肪酸（LCPUFAs）均可调节TH1和TH2细胞的生成，它们的细胞因子产生和细胞增殖，因此可作为内源性抗炎分子。 LCPUFAs抑制肿瘤坏死因子-a（TNF-a）（以及OX40，因为它属于TNFR家族）的产生和Bcl-2的表达，表明这些脂肪酸具有预防/抑制自身免疫性疾病。人母乳含有大量的w-3和w-6脂肪酸。这表明人乳中存在的LCPUFAs暴露于自身抗原后会抑制OX40的水平并降低Bcl-xL和Bcl-2的表达，从而在以后的生活中预防自身免疫性疾病的发展。有鉴于此，我建议在围产期补充适量的LCPUFA可以预防特应性疾病，哮喘，自身免疫性疾病，1型和2型糖尿病，高血压，冠心病，代谢综合征X，淋巴瘤，白血病和其他癌症，精神分裂症，抑郁症和其他成人疾病，其中低度全身性炎症起重要作用。围产期补充LCPUFAs的量也可能会调节与免疫反应，血管生成，中枢渗透压/钠和葡萄糖传感器等有关的基因的表达。这会导致各种组织和器官，包括T细胞和巨噬细胞，内皮细胞，下丘脑神经元以及各种心血管组织，通过与围生期相比未围产期接受足够LCPUFAs的人的炎症反应减弱，可以抵消那些倾向于诱发各种成人疾病的病理机制。

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