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Nicotine-induced cessation of embryonic development is reversed by γ-tocotrienol in mice

机译：尼古丁引起的胚胎发育停止被γ-生育三烯酚逆转

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Background This study aimed to evaluate the adverse effects of various doses of nicotine and protective effects of different concentrations of gamma-tocotrienol (gamma-TCT) on in vitro embryonic development and lipid peroxidation in mice. Material and Methods A) Effects of various doses of nicotine on in vitro embryonic development: Female mice were treated with 1.0, 3.0, or 5.0 mg/kg/day nicotine for 7 consecutive days. Animals were superovulated, cohabited overnight, and sacrificed. Embryos were cultured in vitro. Plasma was assayed. B) Effects of concomitant treatment of nicotine concurrently with various doses of gamma-TCT on in vitro embryonic development: Female mice were treated with nicotine (5.0 mg/kg/day), gavaged gamma-TCT of 30, 60, or 90 mg/kg/day or nicotine concurrently with gamma-TCT of 3 different doses for 7 consecutive days. Animals were superovulated, cohabited overnight, and sacrificed. Embryos were cultured and plasma was assayed. Results A) Effects of various doses of nicotine on in vitro embryonic development: Number of hatched blastocysts decreased in 1.0 and 3.0 mg/kg/day nicotine groups. Nicotine at 5.0 mg/kg/day stopped embryo development at morula. MDA concentrations increased following all nicotine doses. B) Effects of concomitant treatment of nicotine concurrently with various doses of gamma-TCT on in vitro embryonic development: Embryo development was completed in all groups. MDA concentration increased only in the group treated with nicotine concurrently with 30 mg/kg/day gamma-TCT. Conclusions Nicotine impairs in vitro embryo development and increases MDA in plasma. The deleterious impact of nicotine on embryo development is reversed by supplementing gamma-TCT concurrently with nicotine.
机译：背景技术这项研究旨在评估各种剂量尼古丁的不利影响以及不同浓度的γ-生育三烯酚（γ-TCT）对小鼠体外胚胎发育和脂质过氧化的保护作用。材料和方法A）各种剂量的尼古丁对体外胚胎发育的影响：雌性小鼠连续1.0天，每天1.0、3.0或5.0 mg / kg尼古丁治疗。使动物超排卵，同居过夜，并处死。胚胎在体外培养。测定血浆。 B）尼古丁与各种剂量的gamma-TCT并发同时治疗对体外胚胎发育的影响：雌性小鼠接受尼古丁（5.0 mg / kg /天），空腹的gamma-TCT为30、60或90 mg /每天7千克/天或尼古丁与3种不同剂量的γ-TCT连续7天。使动物超排卵，同居过夜，并处死。培养胚胎并测定血浆。结果A）各种剂量的尼古丁对体外胚胎发育的影响：尼古丁组1.0和3.0 mg / kg / day的孵化胚泡数量减少。每天5.0 mg / kg的尼古丁使桑鼠的胚胎发育停止。在所有尼古丁剂量后，MDA浓度增加。 B）尼古丁与各种剂量的γ-TCT并发同时治疗对体外胚胎发育的影响：所有组中胚胎的发育均已完成。仅在同时使用烟碱和30 mg / kg /天的γ-TCT的组中，MDA浓度增加。结论尼古丁会损害体外胚胎发育并增加血浆中的MDA。通过与烟碱同时补充γ-TCT，可以逆转烟碱对胚胎发育的有害影响。

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