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Psychometric and clinical instruments for assessment of posttraumatic stress disorder and evaluation of treatment effect

机译：创伤后应激障碍评估和治疗效果评估的心理测量和临床工具

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The aim of this article is to describe application of psychometric and clinical instruments for assessment of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and evaluation of treatment effect.Beside diagnostic criteria for PTSD, the use of validated psychometric instruments helps in diagnostics of PTSD, also. Instruments for assessment of PTSD are usually divided into two groups: the first group is consisted of structured and semi structured interviews that require individual approach and specific skills and knowledge of experienced clinician that applies them. The second group of instruments is consisted of psychometric scales which enable assessment of intensity of symptoms. The scales for measuring PTSD reveal information about type and intensity of symptoms. Also, many of them set threshold values that serve as indicator of presence or absence of the disorder. The choice of instruments depends on the aim of research, theoretical context and available sample. The complexity of assessment process, that is the choice of instruments that will be applied, depends greatly on the context within which the assessment is made. Accurate diagnostic assessment includes integration of data acquired form two basic fields: the first field is examination of exposure to trauma and the second is assessment of symptoms of PTSD. It is important to emphasize that it is necessary to exercise instruction and training of evaluators and objectively measure congruence of their assessments for every item of particular scale. A large number of self-rating scales has been constructed for measuring symptoms of PTSD, also. Different types of instruments are used for evaluation of treatment effect, too, that is, structured interviews and self-rating scales. It may be emphasized that the use of psychometric instruments in the methodology of modern clinical professional-scientific work related to assessment of PTSD and treatment effect monitoring is important. For this purpose, it is necessary to further develop these instruments.
机译：本文的目的是描述心理测量和临床仪器在创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）评估和治疗效果评估中的应用。除了PTSD的诊断标准外，使用经过验证的心理测量仪器还有助于PTSD的诊断。 PTSD评估工具通常分为两类：第一组由结构化和半结构化访谈组成，这些访谈需要个人的方法以及应用这些技巧的经验丰富的临床医生的特定技能和知识。第二组工具由心理测验量表组成，可以评估症状的强度。用于测量PTSD的量表显示有关症状类型和强度的信息。此外，其中许多设置阈值，作为阈值的存在或不存在的指标。仪器的选择取决于研究目的，理论背景和可用样本。评估过程的复杂性，即将要采用的手段的选择，在很大程度上取决于评估的背景。准确的诊断评估包括整合从两​​个基本领域获取的数据：第一个领域是检查创伤的暴露程度，第二个领域是PTSD症状的评估。必须强调的是，有必要对评估人员进行指导和培训，并客观地衡量每个特定规模项目的评估结果的一致性。大量的自评量表也被用来测量PTSD的症状。不同类型的工具也用于评估治疗效果，即结构化访谈和自评量表。可能需要强调的是，在与PTSD评估和治疗效果监测相关的现代临床专业科学工作的方法学中，应使用心理测量仪器，这一点很重要。为此，有必要进一步开发这些仪器。

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