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首页> 外文期刊>Microbial Ecology in Health and Disease >Radiation protection following nuclear power accidents: a survey of putative mechanisms involved in the radioprotective actions of taurine during and after radiation exposure.
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Radiation protection following nuclear power accidents: a survey of putative mechanisms involved in the radioprotective actions of taurine during and after radiation exposure.

机译：核电事故后的辐射防护：对牛磺酸在辐射期间和之后的辐射防护作用的推定机制的调查。

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摘要

There are several animal experiments showing that high doses of ionizing radiation lead to strongly enhancedleakage of taurine from damaged cells into the extracellular fluid, followed by enhanced urinary excretion. Thisradiation-induced taurine depletion can itself have various harmful effects (as will also be the case when taurinedepletion is due to other causes, such as alcohol abuse or cancer therapy with cytotoxic drugs), but taurinesupplementation has been showntohave radioprotective effectsapparentlygoing beyondwhat mightbeexpectedjust as a consequence of correcting the harmful consequences of taurine deficiency per se. The mechanismsaccounting forthe radioprotective effects oftaurineare, however, veryincompletely understood. Inthisarticleanattemptismadetosurveyvariousmechanismsthatpotentiallymightbeinvolvedaspartsoftheexplanationfortheoverall beneficial effect of high levels of taurine that has been found in experimentswith animals or isolated cellsexposed to high doses of ionizing radiation. It is proposed that taurine may have radioprotective effects by acombinationofseveralmechanisms:(1)duringtheexposuretoionizingradiationbyfunctioningasanantioxidant,but perhaps more because it counteracts the prooxidant catalytic effect of iron rather than functioning as animportant scavengerof harmful molecules itself, (2) after the ionizing radiationexposureby helping toreduce theintensityofthepost-traumaticinflammatoryresponse,andthusreducingtheextentoftissuedamagethatdevelopsbecauseofsevereinflammationratherthanasadirecteffectoftheionizingradiationperse,(3)byfunctioningasagrowthfactorhelpingtoenhance the growth rateofleukocytes andleukocyteprogenitorcellsand perhapsalsoofother rapidly proliferating cell types, such as enterocyte progenitor cells, which may be important forimmunological recovery and perhaps also for rapid repairof various damaged tissues, especially in the intestines,and (4) by functioning as an antifibrogenic agent. A detailed discussion is given of possible mechanisms involvedboth in the antioxidant effects of taurine, in its anti-inflammatory effects and in its role as a growth factor forleukocytes and nerve cells, which might be closely related to its role as an osmolyte important for cellular volumeregulationbecauseofthecloseconnectionbetweencellvolumeregulationandtheregulationofproteinsynthesisaswellascellularproteindegradation.Whiletaurinesupplementationalonewouldbeexpectedtoexertatherapeuticeffect far better than negligible in patients that have been exposed to high doses of ionizing radiation, it may ontheoreticalgroundsbeexpectedthatmuchbetterresultsmaybeobtainedbyusingtaurineaspartofamultifactorialtreatment strategy, where it may interact synergistically with several other nutrients, hormones orother drugs foroptimizing antioxidant protection and minimizing harmful posttraumatic inflammatory reactions, while usingother nutrients to optimize DNA and tissue repair processes, and using a combination of good diet,immunostimulatory hormones and perhaps other nontoxic immunostimulants (such as beta-glucans) foroptimizingtherecoveryofantiviralandantibacterialimmunefunctions.Similarmultifactorialtreatmentstrategiesmay presumably be helpful in several other disease situations (including severe infectious diseases and severeasthma) as well as for treatment of acute intoxications or acute injuries (both mechanical ones and severe burns)whereseverelyenhancedoxidativeand/ornitrativestressand/ortoomuchsecretionofvasodilatoryneuropeptidesfromC-fibresareimportantpartsofthepathogeneticmechanismsthatmayleadtothedeathofthepatient.Somecase histories (with discussion of some of those mechanisms that may have been responsible for the observedtherapeutic outcome) are given for illustration of the likely validityof these concepts and their relevance both fortreatmentofsevereinfectionsandnon-infectiousinflammatorydiseasessuchasasthmaand rheumatoidarthritis.
机译：有几项动物实验表明，高剂量的电离辐射会导致牛磺酸从受损细胞渗入细胞外液的能力大大增强，随后尿液排泄能力增强。辐射引起的牛磺酸耗竭本身可能具有多种有害作用（牛磺酸耗竭是由于其他原因引起的，例如酗酒或使用细胞毒性药物进行癌症治疗），但牛磺酸补充已被证明具有放射防护作用，显然超出了预期范围。纠正牛磺酸缺乏本身的有害后果。但是，关于牛磺酸的辐射防护作用的机制还很不完全了解。在这种简单的尝试方法中，调查可能会涉及一部分机制的软机制，以解释高浓度牛磺酸在动物或离体细胞暴露于高剂量电离辐射的实验中的总体有益作用。有人提出牛磺酸可能通过多种机制结合而具有辐射防护作用：（1）在以抗氧化剂作用的电离辐射过程中，但可能更多是因为它抵消了铁的前氧化催化作用，而不是起有害分子本身的重要清除剂的作用，（2）在电离辐射后有助于（3）通过发挥生长因子的作用，有助于增强白细胞和白细胞祖细胞的生长速度，尤其是其他快速增殖的细胞，以及可能对其他迅速增殖的细胞的修复，尤其是对于某些可能迅速扩散的细胞，尤其是在某些情况下，其快速增殖的细胞，尤其是在某些情况下，对于某些迅速增殖的细胞，这些可能是重要的。用作抗纤维化剂。详细讨论了牛磺酸的抗氧化作用，其抗炎作用及其作为白细胞和神经细胞生长因子的作用可能涉及的机制，这可能与牛磺酸对细胞体积调节的重要渗透压作用密切相关，这是由于细胞体积调节与蛋白质合成调节之间的紧密联系以及细胞蛋白质降解所致。尽管预期在补充高剂量电离辐射的患者中单独补充尿酸的效果远优于可忽略的治疗效果，但从理论上可以预期，通过多因素治疗策略使用牛磺酸可以使有害的营养作用结合在一起，或与其他营养素协同作用，或与其他营养素协同作用，在理论上可以预期会获得更多更好的结果。优化DNA和组织修复过程，并使用co良好的饮食，免疫刺激激素和可能的其他无毒免疫刺激剂（例如β-葡聚糖）的结合可优化最佳的恢复原发性抗菌素的免疫功能。类似的多因素治疗策略可能对其他几种疾病（包括严重的传染性疾病和严重的哮喘）以及急性中毒或急性中毒的治疗也有帮助。不论是机械性还是严重烧伤），从C纤维上大量增加氧化和/或拟定应力和/或过多分泌C纤维引起的血管扩张性神经肽都是重要的部分软性血液病发生机制，可能导致患者吃掉。 -传染性炎性疾病，如哮喘和类风湿关节炎。

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