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首页> 外文期刊>European Journal of Translational Myology >Leukaemia Inhibitory Factor and Other Cytokines as Factors Influencing Regeneration of Skeletal Muscle
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Leukaemia Inhibitory Factor and Other Cytokines as Factors Influencing Regeneration of Skeletal Muscle

机译：白血病抑制因子和其他细胞因子作为影响骨骼肌再生的因子

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When skeletal muscle is injured, mononuclear muscle precursors, the satellite cells, are activated and begin to proliferate and then fuse with each other to form new multinucleated myotubes, which eventually become the mature muscle fibres. The process of muscle regeneration is regulated by locally produced growth factors that control cellular proliferation and differentiation. Several polypeptide growth factors have been implicated as regulators of myogenic cell proliferation and differentiation during development and after injury. Leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF), interleukin-6 (IL-6) transforming growth factor-a (TGF-a), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), and insulin like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), are five cytokines which strongly stimulate the proliferation of muscle myoblasts in vitro, with LIF being the most effective. These actions suggest that they have a regulatory role in the development and regeneration of muscle. The muscle crush model in mice was used to test the effects of these factors in muscle regeneration. Growth factors were administered to injured muscle using osmotic pumps implanted subcutaneously and the growth factor was continuously delivered to the site of injury via a cannula. The results show that LIF greatly increased the rate of muscle regeneration in wild type and LIF knockout mice. LIF stimulated the formation of larger muscle fibres, while not stimulating proliferation of resident fibroblasts. A similar effect was seen when muscle of the mdx mouse was treated with LIF. In contrast, no stimulation of regeneration was seen with IL-6, TGF-a or bFGF. This myotrophic action indicates that LIF contributes to muscle regeneration, and is the only factor to have a positive effect when applied exogenously after injury. Together with its known neurotrophic action, LIF is a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of neuromuscular disease. In summary, this review examines the role of growth factors in muscle after injury and demonstrates a significant role for LIF in the regeneration process.
机译：当骨骼肌受伤时，单核肌肉前体卫星细胞被激活并开始增殖，然后相互融合形成新的多核肌管，最终成为成熟的肌纤维。肌肉再生的过程受到控制细胞增殖和分化的局部生长因子的调节。已经有几种多肽生长因子被认为是发育过程中和损伤后肌细胞增殖和分化的调节剂。白血病抑制因子（LIF），白细胞介素6（IL-6）转化生长因子-a（TGF-a），碱性成纤维细胞生长因子（bFGF）和胰岛素样生长因子-1（IGF-1）是五种细胞因子。 LIF最有效，可在体外强烈刺激肌肉成肌细胞的增殖。这些动作表明它们在肌肉的发育和再生中具有调节作用。小鼠的肌肉挤压模型用于测试这些因素在肌肉再生中的作用。使用皮下植入的渗透泵将生长因子施用于受伤的肌肉，然后通过套管将生长因子连续输送至损伤部位。结果表明，LIF大大提高了野生型和LIF基因敲除小鼠的肌肉再生速率。 LIF刺激了较大的肌肉纤维的形成，而没有刺激驻留的成纤维细胞的增殖。用LIF处理mdx小鼠的肌肉时，可以看到类似的效果。相反，用IL-6，TGF-α或bFGF未见再生刺激。这种肌营养作用表明LIF有助于肌肉再生，并且是受伤后外源应用时具有积极作用的唯一因素。连同其已知的神经营养作用，LIF是治疗神经肌肉疾病的潜在治疗剂。总而言之，本综述检查了损伤后肌肉中生长因子的作用，并证明了LIF在再生过程中的重要作用。

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