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首页> 外文期刊>Medycyna Weterynaryjna >Role of proinflammatory cytokines and growth factors in skeletal muscle regeneration
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Role of proinflammatory cytokines and growth factors in skeletal muscle regeneration

机译:促炎细胞因子和生长因子在骨骼肌再生中的作用

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摘要

Skeletal muscle healing after injury can be divided into three distinct but overlapping phases. The destruction phase is characterized by rupture followed by necrosis of muscle fibers, formation of hematoma and inflammatory reaction. During the repair phase a necrotic tissue is phagocyted by macrophages, muscle fibers are regenerating and connective tissue scars are formed. The remodeling phase concerns the period when regenerating muscle fibers mature, scar contraction and reorganization occurs and the muscle recovers its functional efficiency. Proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1 beta, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-alpha) and growth factors (FGF, IGF, TGF-beta, HGF) play a critical role in all phases of muscle repair. Moreover, chemokines expressed at early stages of myogenesis can regulate the survival and proliferation of myoblasts. Chemokines expressed in vivo in muscle cells can directly influence myogenesis, but can also act in a paracrine manner by recruiting the immune cells (macrophages) to injured skeletal muscles, which is crucial for the regeneration process. Identification of molecules regulating myogenesis, like cytokines, chemokines and growth factors, contributes to the exploration of molecular mechanisms that can improve muscle regeneration after injury, diseases, surgery and increase the effectiveness of cell transplantation.
机译:损伤后骨骼肌的愈合可以分为三个不同但重叠的阶段。破坏阶段的特征是破裂,随后是肌肉纤维坏死,血肿的形成和炎症反应。在修复阶段,坏死组织被巨噬细胞吞噬,肌肉纤维再生,结缔组织疤痕形成。重塑阶段涉及再生肌肉纤维成熟,疤痕收缩和重组发生以及肌肉恢复其功能效率的时期。促炎细胞因子(IL-1β,IL-6,IL-8,TNF-α)和生长因子(FGF,IGF,TGF-β,HGF)在肌肉修复的所有阶段都起着至关重要的作用。此外,在成肌的早期表达的趋化因子可以调节成肌细胞的存活和增殖。体内在肌肉细胞中表达的趋化因子可以直接影响肌生成,但也可以通过将免疫细胞(巨噬细胞)募集到受损的骨骼肌上以旁分泌的方式起作用,这对于再生过程至关重要。识别调节肌生成的分子,例如细胞因子,趋化因子和生长因子,有助于探索分子机制,以改善损伤,疾病,手术后的肌肉再生,并提高细胞移植的有效性。

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